An Essay on Iterative Social Time

Glassner, Barry

doi:10.1111/j.1467-954x.1982.tb00673.x

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Placing Gerard’s comments within the context of the racialization of black people reveals an interesting racial-temporal inversion. Black people and many racialized persons are typically seen as behind time or “premodern” (Alexander 2005; Bhabha 2009; Ferguson 2004; Glassner 1982; Halberstam 2005; McClintock 1995; Said 1979; Wright 2004). However, both Melissa and Gerard undermine the connections between whiteness and modernity, by describing white people’s difficulty keeping up with the latest and timeliest trends as a product of white ineptitude.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why Is the Time Always Right for White and Wrong For Us? How Racialized Youth Make Sense of Whiteness and Temporal Inequality

Mahadeo

2018

Sociology of Race and Ethnicity

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Independently, the study of whiteness and the study of time are important interventions in sociology. A solid foundation for any empirical investigation of the relationship between whiteness and the racialized temporalities of racialized youth, however, has yet to be set. Drawing on data from 30 in-person interviews and ethnographic methods, the author explores how racialized youth interpret time in relation to whiteness and the experiences of white youth. The data for this research are based on more than one year of fieldwork at Run-a-Way, a multiservice center for youth. Results show that racialized youth view white youth as having more time to take advantage of educational and employment opportunities. As a result of the perceived temporal advantage held by their white counterparts, racialized youth expressed feelings of temporal inequality and disparate life chances. Forced to work twice as hard to be half as good, youth saw their time horizons as compressed. The author shows how racialized youth lose time through physical, psychic, and emotional labor required to process racialization and racism and illustrates the various structural mechanisms that steal their time. Despite the temporal inequalities between them and their white counterparts, youth at Run-a-Way discovered ways to invert the terms of temporality to ensure that their culture was always most relevant and “up to date.” Although whiteness is linked to modernity and that which is future oriented, racialized youth viewed their white counterparts as behind time, lame, or just plain “wack” (uncool).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why Is the Time Always Right for White and Wrong For Us? How Racialized Youth Make Sense of Whiteness and Temporal Inequality

Mahadeo

2018

Sociology of Race and Ethnicity

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“…To do so means abandoning strict emphasis on either microsociological processes or macrosociological representations and forging a connection between the flow of phenomenological meaning and analytical conceptions of enduring social structures (cf. Collins 1981;Goffman 1983;Knorr-Cetina 1983). As far as Perinbanayagam is concerned: "[Tlhe only way we can know about microstates is by means of their presence in macrostatic observations; microstates of meaning are known only as they are present in language and act" (1986, pp.…”

Section: Socloloclcal Conceptions Of Time and Durkheim's Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…through which [their] consciousness and intersubjectivity bring together pasts, presents, and futures" (Glassner 1982, p. 679).…”

Section: Socloloclcal Conceptions Of Time and Durkheim's Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…This resulted in characterizations of transactions that were in sharp focus, but that also were seen as independent of the interaction order (Goffman 1983) and its microfoundations (Collins 198 1). In effect, transactions were distinguished from utilitarian exchanges and cast in terms of sociotemporal (versus psychologistic and reductionist) conceptions of facts and sentiments.…”

Section: Durkheim's Legacymentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Third, iterative time is "the renewing or initiating of periods in conjunction with other periods in order to produce a two or more fold social time" (Glassner 1982, p. 668). The mass media is notorious for this use of social time, evidenced by the way a national television network advertises a sports show "as making tomorrow's memories today."…”

Section: Socloloclcal Conceptions Of Time and Durkheim's Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Durkheim's Macrofoundations of Time: An Assessment and Critique

Katovich

1987

The Sociological Quarterly

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In this article, Durkheim's theory of time will be assessed in reference to his theory of transactions (organic solidarity). Specifically, Durkheim associated time with a metaphorical conception of the transaction that separated (1) macrofoundations from microstates, and (2) external constraints from subjective states. This separation led to a conception of time as dominated by linear, rigid sequential, and categorical images. Counterposed to this metaphor are more dynamic, interpersonal, and cybernetic conceptions of temporality and transactions, which can be integrated with Durkheim's scheme to suggest another way of bridging the micro-macro distinction-through the use of time and temporality. This integration will be discussed in relation to five conceptions of time that will, in turn, be used to evaluate and critique Durkheim's macrofoundations. These conceptions are: (1) the evolutionarytransformational, (2) the categorical, (3) the iterative, (4) the rigid sequential, and ( 5 ) the negotiated sequential. The article concludes by suggesting that Durkheim's emphasis on the rigid sequential conception can inform and be informed by modernday emphases on iterative and negotiated sequential conceptions.Although Durkheim did not make time an explicit feature of his theory of society, his contributions are well documented. Sorokin and Merton (1937), for instance, wrote that Durkheim linked institutionalized systems of time with societal transactions' or patterns of association involving exchange, reciprocity, and collective sentiments (see Durkheim 1961a, pp. 10-1 1). Zerubavel (1979) also noted that Durkheim's appreciation of the sociological importance of "temporal segregation [as a] fundamental principle.. . of social life" (p. 39) can be used to separate particular contexts that encase transactions (e.g., sacred versus profane). Further, the use of an institutionalized calendar delineates, isolates, and institutionalizes particular days, months, and years, and promotes shared understandings of the functional complexity of social (organic) solidarity, upon which complex transactions are founded (Cheal 1984;Hinkle 1976;Jones 1986). In this way, Durkheim's contributions to a sociology of time have been used to portray societal transactions in the image of enduring macrosocial structures. All rights of reproduction in any form reserved. ISSN: 00384253 3 68 THE SOCIOLOGICAL QUARTERLY Vol. 28/No. 311 987Using Durkheim's contributions to integrate interpersonal with structural transactions is problematic, however, and will be the central focus of this article. Durkheim encouraged understanding of complex transactions representing macrostructures, but seriously underplayed ongoing, emergent, and everyday transactions (Giddens 197 1, 1972; Hinkle 1976; Kemper 1975). The importance of a transaction was not viewed in terms of how interactants exchanged symbols (and thus constructed a temporal reality), but rather in terms of how institutionalized symbols as represented by macrosociological time defined exchanges. His maj...

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The Significance of Temporality for the Development of Sociological Theory

Maines

1987

The Sociological Quarterly

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This article introduces The Sociological Quarterly's feature on temporality and sociological inquiry. It sets the context of this feature as one of sociological neglect of temporality and of an increasing univocality in sociological work, and it suggests some of the consequences of that neglect and univocality. It is argued that the incorporation of up-to-date conceptions of temporality into sociological work will contribute to improved theory and better understanding of human social life.To purport to engage in an act of sociological inquiry is to commit onself to the investigation of temporality. It can be no other way, for without temporality there simply would be no phenomena whatsoever about which to inquire. Time drives society; it is a basic mechanism through which social acts, organizations, institutions, cultures, and social structures exist and operate. Accordingly, and this is the central point of this short article, there can be no genuine sociological theory, no theory of society, not even a simple assertion made about human conduct that does not contain an underlying theory of temporality.As Harold Innis stated, "A neglect of the time problem implies a lack of interest in theoretical problems" (1952, p. 57). Certainly that is the case, and a great deal of sociological work has been produced that has blatantly neglected what Innis called the time problem. For instance, sociological journals over the years have been filled with studies showing the covariation of various factors and variables without recognition that such covariation refers to the ongoing linkage and perhaps interdependent character of aspects of human activity that are temporal in nature. That is, literally thousands of studies have inquired into the patterning of areas such as race relations, organizational functioning, social change, stratification, the socialization of youth, the well-being of the elderly, power relations, the constitution of social classes, the structure of an economy, and so forth and have not paused to inquire about the temporal processes and temporal +Direct all correspondence to David R. Maines.

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An Essay on Iterative Social Time

Cited by 4 publications

References 7 publications

Why Is the Time Always Right for White and Wrong For Us? How Racialized Youth Make Sense of Whiteness and Temporal Inequality

Why Is the Time Always Right for White and Wrong For Us? How Racialized Youth Make Sense of Whiteness and Temporal Inequality

Durkheim's Macrofoundations of Time: An Assessment and Critique

The Significance of Temporality for the Development of Sociological Theory

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