An ergonomic study on the optimal gear ratio for a multi-speed bicycle

Cho, Chang K.; Yun, Myung Hwan; Yoon, Chang Soo; Lee, Myun W.

doi:10.1016/s0169-8141(97)00104-2

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…From the factor experiment, we obtained an optimal pedaling rate of 30-60 rpm, results that slightly differed from the 40-60 rpm obtained by Cho et al [2] from their laboratory riding experiment. This difference may have resulted from this study providing more reasonable ranges in terms of riding environment.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

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Optimal design in gear ratio of a city bike

You

Liu

2010

Journal of the Chinese Institute of Industrial Engineers

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This article examines the optimal gear ratios in speed shifting of a city bike. We first defined the environmental factors of the bike as slope and velocity, the product factor as gear ratio, the objective factors of the user as pedaling rate and heart rate, and the subjective factor of the user as comfort. We performed two experiments. The first experiment is the factor experiment, the usage range and characteristics of such factors of the city bike as slope, velocity, gear ratio, pedaling rate, heart rate, and gear change frequency are obtained from analysis of test results. The second experiment is the comfort experiment. Based on the results of the factor experiment, we set three levels for each factor of velocity, slope, and gear ratio to perform experiments. We examined and predicted variable relationships through analysis of variance and regression analysis of the results of the comfort experiment. The gear ratio range obtained in this study was 0.80-2.55, with a gear ratio variation of 319%; the optimal 6-speed gear ratios were 0.80, 1.00, 1.42, 1.53, 1.66, and 2.55. The experimental design, analysis methods, and evaluation results established by this study can be used as a reference for the development of new products and in related studies.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

“…Cho et al [2] performed gear ratio experiments for an 18-speed external gear hub. They found that, under a 40-W load, the optimal pedaling rate is 40 rpm; under an 80-120-W load, the optimal pedaling rate is 40-60 rpm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal design in gear ratio of a city bike

You

Liu

2010

Journal of the Chinese Institute of Industrial Engineers

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“…If the gear ratios of the bicycle are known, a simple classifying function can be built, automatically assigning the actual allowable values to the noisy signal of the calculated gear ratio, except when the freewheel is engaged (Figure 7). The gear ratio data can be used to evaluate the driving technique [9].…”

Section: Gear Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As shown in Figure 17, the rider moves much faster in the assisted modes, although they may have conserved energy. Physiologists observe two characteristic phenomena, namely, heart rate response lag and heart rate drift upward [9,16,17]. The first is a delayed response of the body to the increased (reduced) effort and is seen in the shift in time of the peaks in the heart rate graph and the persistence of elevated heart rate even after exercise has stopped (Figure 18).…”

Section: Cyclist Health-pulse Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Possibility to Use Professional Bicycle Computers for the Scientific Evaluation of Electric Bikes: Velocity, Cadence and Power Data

2022

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The aim of this study was to check whether the data recorded by a bicycle computer paired with typical measurement sensors can be useful for a scientific evaluation of the cyclist–bicycle anthropotechnical system, including electric bicycles. The problem arose when the authors searched for methods to assess the energy efficiency of electric bicycles and intelligent power management systems provided by the assistance system, in accordance with the current needs of the bicycle user. This can be of great importance in the efficient use of electric bicycles and their batteries, in the event that they are rented in public access systems. This article focuses primarily on data on bicycle speed, calculated by the GPS module or obtained from speed sensors, as well as data from the cadence sensor, power measurement, pedaling technique and heart rate. An attempt was made to evaluate the correctness and consistency of the data recorded by the computer through various types of comparatives analyses. The conducted research used data recorded when traveling the same route with various bikes, including electric ones, with and without assistance. This is the second part of the research. The first part focusing on data obtained by a computer from a GPS system and a barometric altimeter was published in an earlier article. In both parts, the authors presented some advantages and disadvantages of using bicycle computers as tools for measuring and acquiring data. In general, it seems that the existing technology used by bicycle computers and the measurement sensors that cooperate with it can be used in the development of a system that optimizes energy consumption.

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“…the quality of the interface between rider and bike [7]. Previous studies have concentrated on the racing bicycle and racing speed and/or efficiency [5,6,22]. Some studies have also focused on biomechanical analyses [18,20], physiological response [1,4,8,10,21], and kinematics [13], while cycling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A preliminary field study of optimal trunk flexion by subjective discomfort in recreational cyclists

Chen

2012

Journal of the Chinese Institute of Industrial Engineers

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This study attempts to find the optimal trunk flexion (TF) of a recreational cyclist's subjective discomfort rating while cycling. Two hundred and fifty cyclists were sagittally filmed while cycling on a cycle-way, and their subjective body discomforts were rated. The cyclists also responded to a brief questionnaire. Results show that the TF is positively related to the discomfort on neck/shoulders and is contrary to that on the buttocks. The bike owner cyclists' (n ¼ 144) trunks were more flexed than the bike rental cyclists' (n ¼ 106), with a difference of about 11 . This study also found that the cyclists may subjectively perceive the minimum discomforts of both the buttocks and neck/shoulders regions when the trunk was nearly flexed to 38 . This finding serves as a reference for ergonomic consideration in bike design to avoid extreme discomfort while cycling.

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An ergonomic study on the optimal gear ratio for a multi-speed bicycle

Cited by 7 publications

References 6 publications

Optimal design in gear ratio of a city bike

Optimal design in gear ratio of a city bike

Possibility to Use Professional Bicycle Computers for the Scientific Evaluation of Electric Bikes: Velocity, Cadence and Power Data

A preliminary field study of optimal trunk flexion by subjective discomfort in recreational cyclists

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