An epidemiology study of lung function changes of toluene diisocyanate foam workers in the United Kingdom

Clark, R.; Bugler, J.; McDermott, Michael; Hill, I. D.; Allport, Dennis C; Chamberlain, Jonviea D

doi:10.1007/s004200050267

Cited by 34 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(38 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Based on pulmonary function results from larger and more recent longitudinal studies where the TWA TDI concentrations were 65 ppb, Ott andco-workers (2002, 2003) concluded that ''these studies do not provide evidence of an accelerated rate of decline in FEV1 among TDI-exposed employees''. This conclusion is supported by the results of a prospective study of 251 TDI polyurethane foam production workers in the UK followed over a period of 17 years (Clark et al, 2003). The decreases in FEV1 and FVC seen in this study were unrelated to TDI exposure level and were comparable to those measured in other populations not exposed to TDI.…”

Section: Respiratory Tract Effects -Irritation and Lung Decrement Notsupporting

confidence: 79%

Risk assessment for consumer exposure to toluene diisocyanate (TDI) derived from polyurethane flexible foam

Arnold

Collins²,

Graham

et al. 2012

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Polyurethanes (PU) are polymers made from diisocyanates and polyols for a variety of consumer products. It has been suggested that PU foam may contain trace amounts of residual toluene diisocyanate (TDI) monomers and present a health risk. To address this concern, the exposure scenario and health risks posed by sleeping on a PU foam mattress were evaluated. Toxicity benchmarks for key non-cancer endpoints (i.e., irritation, sensitization, respiratory tract effects) were determined by dividing points of departure by uncertainty factors. The cancer benchmark was derived using the USEPA Benchmark Dose Software. Results of previous migration and emission data of TDI from PU foam were combined with conservative exposure factors to calculate upper-bound dermal and inhalation exposures to TDI as well as a lifetime average daily dose to TDI from dermal exposure. For each non-cancer endpoint, the toxicity benchmark was divided by the calculated exposure to determine the margin of safety (MOS), which ranged from 200 (respiratory tract) to 3×10(6) (irritation). Although available data indicate TDI is not carcinogenic, a theoretical excess cancer risk (1×10(-7)) was calculated. We conclude from this assessment that sleeping on a PU foam mattress does not pose TDI-related health risks to consumers.

show abstract

Section: Respiratory Tract Effects -Irritation and Lung Decrement Notsupporting

confidence: 79%

Risk assessment for consumer exposure to toluene diisocyanate (TDI) derived from polyurethane flexible foam

Arnold

Collins²,

Graham

et al. 2012

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Exposure to diisocyanate monomers has been assessed in various epidemiologic studies. In the majority of these studies, mean or maximum exposure levels are reported for a population in which a measure of disease frequency is investigated (19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25). However, few studies have considered the issue of quantitative exposure response in isocyanate asthma (26).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory Symptoms, Sensitization, and Exposure–Response Relationships in Spray Painters Exposed to Isocyanates

Pronk¹,

Preller²,

Raulf‐Heimsoth³

et al. 2007

Am J Respir Crit Care Med

100

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Rationale: Associations between oligomeric isocyanate exposure, sensitization, and respiratory disease have received little attention, despite the extensive use of isocyanate oligomers. Objectives: To investigate exposure-response relationships of respiratory symptoms and sensitization in a large population occupationally exposed to isocyanate oligomers during spray painting. Methods: The prevalence of respiratory symptoms and sensitization was assessed in 581 workers in the spray-painting industry. Personal exposure was estimated by combining personal task-based inhalatory exposure measurements and time activity information. Specific IgE and IgG to hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) were assessed in serum by ImmunoCAP assay and enzyme immunoassays using vapor and liquid phase HDI-human serum albumin (HDI-HSA) and HSA conjugates prepared with oligomeric HDI. Measurements and Main Results: Respiratory symptoms were more prevalent in exposed workers than among comparison office workers. Log-linear exposure-response associations were found for asthmalike symptoms, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-like symptoms, and work-related chest tightness (prevalence ratios for an interquartile range increase in exposure of 1.2, 1.3 and 2.0, respectively; P < 0.05). The prevalence of specific IgE sensitization was low (up to 4.2% in spray painters). Nevertheless, IgE to N100 (oligomeric HDI)-HSA was associated with exposure and workrelated chest tightness. The prevalence of specific IgG was higher (2-50.4%) and strongly associated with exposure. Conclusions:The results provide evidence of exposure-response relationships for both work-related and non-work-related respiratory symptoms and specific sensitization in a population exposed to oligomers of HDI. Specific IgE was found in only a minority of symptomatic individuals. Specific IgG seems to be merely an indicator of exposure.

show abstract

“…Respiratory symptoms among industries workers have been reported by several authors. A number of studies have reported that workers in industries are exposed to relatively high levels of pulmonary contaminants in their working environment 12) Chemical agents are the commonest reported cause of respiratory irritants, sensitizers and occupational asthma in the United Kingdom 13) Although some studies failed to find respiratory symptoms in workers 14) . Investigations by Valic and Beritic found a significantly increased prevalence of asthma symptoms in tobacco workers compared to that in control subjects.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Respiratory Symptoms among Workers in Industries of South Tehran, Iran

Ghasemkhani

Kumashiro²,

Rezaei

et al. 2006

Ind Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An epidemiology study of lung function changes of toluene diisocyanate foam workers in the United Kingdom

Abstract: This study does not provide evidence that there is a TDI-related decline in FEV1 and FVC in workers exposed to less than the United Kingdom 8-h occupational exposure limit of 5.8 ppb.

Cited by 34 publications

References 31 publications

Risk assessment for consumer exposure to toluene diisocyanate (TDI) derived from polyurethane flexible foam

Risk assessment for consumer exposure to toluene diisocyanate (TDI) derived from polyurethane flexible foam

Respiratory Symptoms, Sensitization, and Exposure–Response Relationships in Spray Painters Exposed to Isocyanates

Prevalence of Respiratory Symptoms among Workers in Industries of South Tehran, Iran

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About