An epidemiological survey on the prevalence of equine peripheral dental caries in the United Kingdom and possible risk factors for its development

Borkent, Dewi; Reardon, Richard; McLachlan, Gerry; Smith, Stuart F.; Dixon, Padraic

doi:10.1111/evj.12610

Cited by 22 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Similarly to other studies , the present study found the prevalence of caries to be much higher in the caudal teeth, with the Triadan 9–11s most likely to be affected. As the feed moves caudally in the mouth, it is broken down into smaller particles and becomes more saturated by saliva, which makes the WSCs more accessible to bacteria, as well as moist and hence ‘sticky’ enough to be able to adhere to the teeth.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…That high concentrate and silage diets are likely to cause peripheral caries has been the subject of frequent discussion and a recent Edinburgh‐based study found a limited association with the feeding of moderate levels of concentrate feed . This was not the case in the present study sample, in which the main dietary factor relating to the development of peripheral caries concerned the choice of hay fed to the horse.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 65%

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Equine peripheral dental caries: An epidemiological survey assessing prevalence and possible risk factors in Western Australian horses

Jackson

Kelty

Tennant

2017

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 65%

Equine peripheral dental caries: An epidemiological survey assessing prevalence and possible risk factors in Western Australian horses

Jackson

Kelty

Tennant

2017

Equine Veterinary Journal

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“…In this study 71.4% (45/63) of the population examined (all cases referred for dental examination/treatment) were affected by PC. This prevalence is higher than the 51.7% reported in a recent UK‐wide survey , which is likely due to the high prevalence of concurrent dental problems in the current hospital referral population, which is a risk factor for PC . There was no statistically significant difference in diversity within‐sample when the PC group and control group were compared.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

A microbiome analysis of equine peripheral dental caries using next generation sequencing

Borkent

Reardon

McLachlan

et al. 2019

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Summary Background Although, peripheral caries (PC) affects almost half of UK horses, no comprehensive microbiological study has been performed on this disorder. As a high proportion of oral bacteria cannot be conventionally cultured, molecular microbiological techniques such as Next Generation Sequencing are required to examine the complex oral bacteria community. Objectives To identify the microbiota involved in equine PC, including comparing microbiota at the more commonly and severely affected three caudal cheek teeth with the less commonly affected three rostral cheek teeth. Study design and Methods Equine dental plaque samples were collected from the palatal aspects of cheek teeth of 63 horses. DNA was isolated and amplified using PCR, targeting the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene and Next Generation Sequencing of these gene amplicons was performed. The acquired data were processed and analysed using Mothur and R. Results Streptococcus species was the genus most commonly associated with equine PC, whereas Gemella species was the genus most associated with the control group. In a further analysis where the rostral and caudal cheek teeth were compared with each other and with the control group. Veillonella species was the most commonly associated genus with PC of the rostral cheek teeth, Streptococcus species was the most associated genus with the caudal cheek teeth, and Corynebacterium with the control group. Main limitations Some bacteria can have multiple heterogeneous copies of the 16S rRNA gene, which can affect the estimation of their relative abundance. Conclusions Similar to caries studies in other species, acidogenic and aciduric microorganisms including Streptococcus species were found to be associated with equine peripheral caries.

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“…Borkent et al . () found a prevalence of 51% in UK‐wide clinical survey, where most oral examinations were performed using a headlight and dental mirror, a technique that is likely to be less sensitive than oral endoscopy. Although post‐mortem examination allows the most detailed dental examination, this factor could not fully explain the very high PC prevalence (91%) found in this study, because PC lesions, especially on the palatal aspect of maxillary CT, even of the caudal three CT, would readily be detected during a competent oral examination using a dental mirror or endoscope.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…; Borkent et al . ) have shown PC to most commonly affect the caudal three cheek teeth (CT; Triadan 09s, 10s and 11s) indicating that a more cariogenic environment is present in the caudal aspect of the oral cavities of affected horses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A post‐mortem study on the prevalence of peripheral dental caries in Scottish horses

Lee

Reardon

Dixon

2017

Equine Veterinary Education

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Summary Peripheral caries (PC) is an increasingly recognised equine dental disorder with unknown predisposing factors that differs from the well described maxillary cheek teeth infundibular caries. Advanced PC can lead to premature wear and fracture of cheek teeth and thus is of welfare importance. Recent studies have shown large variation in the prevalence of PC in different European countries, with a trend towards a greatly increasing prevalence. One hundred and one equine heads sourced from a Scottish rendering plant were examined for the presence and grade of PC using the modified Honma equine dental caries grading system. The presence of cheek teeth calculus, diastemata and fractures was also recorded. Peripheral caries was present in 91% of horses; only affected the cheek teeth and was predominantly (72.6%) Grade 1 Class 1 (localised pitting lesions only affecting cementum). The caudal three cheek teeth were more commonly affected (74.7% prevalence) as compared to the rostral three cheek teeth (32.1% prevalence). The palatal aspect of maxillary and the buccal aspect of mandibular cheek teeth were significantly (245% and 170%, respectively) more commonly affected by PC than the opposite sides. Female horses were more commonly affected than males. Because post‐mortem examination allows the most detailed oral examination to be performed, this may partly explain the higher PC prevalence found in the current, as compared to previous studies, in addition to the particular population examined in this study.

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An epidemiological survey on the prevalence of equine peripheral dental caries in the United Kingdom and possible risk factors for its development

Abstract: Peripheral caries is common in British horses, primarily affecting the caudal cheek teeth. There was limited evidence of an association between feeding and PC. The association between PC and concurrent dental disorders indicates that these should be addressed in affected horses.

Cited by 22 publications

References 18 publications

Equine peripheral dental caries: An epidemiological survey assessing prevalence and possible risk factors in Western Australian horses

Equine peripheral dental caries: An epidemiological survey assessing prevalence and possible risk factors in Western Australian horses

A microbiome analysis of equine peripheral dental caries using next generation sequencing

A post‐mortem study on the prevalence of peripheral dental caries in Scottish horses

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