An epidemiological study on the prevalence of temporomandibular disorder and associated history and problems in Nepalese subjects

Abstract

BackgroundTemporomandibular disorder (TMD) represents a subgroup of painful orofacial disorders involving pain in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) region, fatigue of the cranio-cervico-facial muscles (especially masticatory muscles), limitation of mandible movement, and the presence of a clicking sound in the TMJ. TMD is associated with multiple factors and systemic diseases. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of TMD in Nepalese subjects for the first time.MethodsA total of 500 medical and dental students (127 men and 373 women) participated in this study from May 2016 to September 2016. The Fonseca questionnaire was used as a tool to evaluate the prevalence of TMD, and Fonseca's Anamnestic Index (FAI) was used to classify the severity of TMD.ResultsThe majority of the participants with TMD had a history of head trauma, psychological stress, and dental treatment or dental problems. The prevalence of TMD in Nepalese students was mild to moderate.ConclusionsThe prevalence of TMD in Nepalese subjects was mild to moderate. The majority of the study subjects had eyesight problems, history of head trauma, psychological stress, and drinking alcohol and had received dental treatments.

Prevalence of temporomandibular disorder in Turkish university students: A questionnaire study

“…In this study, the most prevalent degree of TMD severity was the mild TMD for both the females and males in Turkish university students. This agree with the studies which obtained similar findings using the Fonseca questionnaire 13,17,18,21,23,24,[27][28][29] . The prevalence of TMD in females (51,81%) were higher than men (40,34%), although no statistically significant difference were found between TMD severity and gender.…”

“…In published studies based on FAI, the prevalence rate of TMD was observed to vary from 22,6 to 87% . These prevalence rates were reported by Karthik et al 27 22,6%, Jagdhari et al 22 23%, Rokaya et al 28 30,6%, Conti et al 13 42%, Al Moaleem et al 26 43,5%, Modi et al 21 45,16%, Habib et al 24 46,8%, Bonjardim et al 19 50%, Bicaj et al 29 53,21%, Nomura et al 18 55,4%, relationship between parafunctional habits and TMA are unsolved [46][47][48] . Most studies were observed that the prevalence of bruxism is higher in young adults than in the elderly [49][50][51][52][53] .…”

“…Based on the epidemiological studies, a broad prevalence peak of TMD symptoms is present between 20 and 40 years of age, with a lower prevalence in younger and older people [11][12] . Many studies published related to the unıversity students of different countries have reported that the TMD prevalence ranged from 17% to 87% due to differences in the populations studied, diagnostic criteria, examination methods, and inter-and/or intra-rated variations of examining practitioners [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] .…”

Transcultural Adaptation and Validation of the Fonseca Anamnestic Index in a Spanish Population with Temporomandibular Disorders.

“…University of Jaén. Campus de las Lagunillas, 23071, Jaén (Spain) 3 Dental Medical Center Drs. López Collantes.…”

“…TMDs are the most common orofacial pain condition of non-dental origin. Tenderness and pain of the masticatory muscles, pain in the TMJ, limited jaw joint movements, a clicking or crackling sound on the TMJ grinding and wearing of the teeth, headache, associated dizziness, hearing loss and tinnitus are frequent symptoms [2,3].…”