An epidemiological study of prevalence and comorbidity of non-clinical Dyslexia, Dysgraphia and Dyscalculia symptoms in Public and Private Schools of Pakistan

Ashraf, Farzana; Najam, Najma

doi:10.12669/pjms.36.7.2486

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…This is done by assigning a set of characteristics to each study participant based on the information available (for example, age, gender, and educational status of the parents). As it appears in Figure 1, the prevalence of students with dysgraphia was 27% in the present study whereas non-dysgraphia students were 73% of the participants, which is consistent with Ashraf's [23] findings where the prevalence of dysgraphia showed 25%. However, according to previous studies, between 10% and 30% of children in schools have developed dysgraphia [24], while our findings are broadly consistent with the study by Ewain et al [12].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Lifetime prevalence of dysgraphia and associated family environment characteristics in primary schools

Abed¹,

Abbas²,

Dawood³

2023

IJPHS

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The current study was designed to screen and observe dysgraphia in primary schools in Wassit governorate in Iraq. In addition, to identify the presence of any family environment characteristics associated with dysgraphia, a cross-sectional study has been applied during the period from 1st November 2018 to the end of March 2019, which was conducted on 421 students from public and private primary schools which were randomly selected. The lifetime prevalence of students with dysgraphia was 27% in the present study. Most students (53.2%) were equal to or less than 10 years old. In the population sample, dysgraphia prevailed more in boys than girls. Illiteracy was higher for the students who have fathers with dysgraphia (39.3%) as compared to the students who have non- dysgraphia fathers (29.4%). The difference was more significant for the age, gender, and level of education of parents (p<0.05). It was concluded that dysgraphia among primary school students aged 7-12 years occurs at a lifetime prevalence of nearly one-third of them. In our study, it was affirmed that dysgraphia is a problem that most commonly affects males more than females. It is important to note that the difference between the two groups was statistically significant in regard to age, gender, and level of education of parents.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Lifetime prevalence of dysgraphia and associated family environment characteristics in primary schools

Abed¹,

Abbas²,

Dawood³

2023

IJPHS

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“…Various theories have been proposed to explain the differences in the prevalence of learning disabilities and difficulties between girls and boys. Biological vulnerability plays a significant role in the development of these disabilities and difficulties, and gender differences may be attributed to these vulnerabilities (Ashraf & Najam, 2017). Moreover, referral tendency may lead to these gender differences; i.e.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Rate of Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) in Albanian Children Aged 5-10 and the Prevailing Learning Difficulties Encountered by Children Suspected of DCD and Typically Developing Children of this Age Group

Cenaj,

Ushtelenca,

Aliaj

2024

JESR

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Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is generally defined as a condition that affects movement and coordination. In children aged 5-10 years, DCD can significantly impact various aspects of their lives, including academic performance and learning. DCD may be accompanied and connected with difficulties in cognitive skills, resulting in learning challenges, particularly evident in school subjects such as arithmetic, language, or overall literacy, in this way affecting and reducing academic performance and learning outcomes. The instrument used to collect the data of the study was a questionnaire addressed to parents in order to: identify the rate of children with suspect DCD within the age group of 5-10 and see where our country stands in comparison to other studies carried out in other countries; identify the learning difficulties of typically developing children and children with an indication of/ suspect DCD; see any significant differences between typical children and DCD suspect children as related to school settings and learning difficulties. After the statistical processing of the collected and filtered data it is identified that the total percentage of suspect DCD children is 9.3%, ranging from 2.3% - 21.1% at 12 different cities in Albania, and it is slightly higher in boys, 10% in boys vs. 8.6% in girls. Moreover, the results show that 'suspect DCD' children encounter most of the learning difficulties. Whereas, regarding the total number of our subjects we identified that children of this age group tend to take slightly more time to complete school tasks; they do not seem to like changes in daily routine/ environment; they also have difficulty understanding reading passages and tend to respond by repeating questions. Received: 14 February 2024 / Accepted: 24 April 2024 / Published: 5 May 2024

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“… 14 Also to manage specific learning disorders, it is necessary to screen children at initiation of schooling. 15 Hence, in the present study Urdu Receptive Language Scale (URLS) has been developed to assess the receptive language skills in infants and young children of 0-6 years. Special emphasis has been given to the fact that even in the assessment of preschool children both receptive as well as expressive language is assessed including assessment of more than one language dimension.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development & Validation of Urdu Receptive Language Scale (URLS)

Butt

Mumtaz

Saqulain³

2021

Pak J Med Sci

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Objectives: To develop “Urdu Receptive Language Scale (URLS)” for Urdu speaking Pakistani children of age 0-6 years. Methods: This exploratory study was done at mainstream schools and day care centers on children with normal language development between the ages of 0-6 years from 1st March 2016 to 31st August 2016, by using convenient sampling technique. Firstly, the items for the questionnaire were constructed from four sources: literature review, experts, parents and direct observation of 384 Children of same age. Secondly the constructed test items were sent to the field experts (SLP’s) for the purpose of improvement. Thirdly, after incorporation of suggestions, the improved items were securitized by Urdu experts and finalized. In the next step, these items were tested for Relevance, Ambiguity, Clarity and Simplicity from field experts. The developed scale was then analyzed for reliability and validity by SPSS Version-18. Results: Study resulted in a 59 items Urdu Receptive Language Scale with each age range having different test items distribution. The mean of the relevance, clarity, simplicity, and ambiguity of test items was 3.89. The Item content validity index value was one for each of the 59 items. The content validity index for the entire scale was also one. The Cronbach’s alpha was 0.948, which indicates a high level of internal consistency. Conclusion: The developed 59 Item Urdu Receptive Language Scale is reliable and valid tool for language assessment of Urdu speaking Pakistani children of 0-6 years age. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.7.3928 How to cite this:Butt GA, Mumtaz N, Saqulain G. Development & Validation of Urdu Receptive Language Scale (URLS). Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(7):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.7.3928 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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An epidemiological study of prevalence and comorbidity of non-clinical Dyslexia, Dysgraphia and Dyscalculia symptoms in Public and Private Schools of Pakistan

Cited by 14 publications

References 9 publications

Lifetime prevalence of dysgraphia and associated family environment characteristics in primary schools

Lifetime prevalence of dysgraphia and associated family environment characteristics in primary schools

The Rate of Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) in Albanian Children Aged 5-10 and the Prevailing Learning Difficulties Encountered by Children Suspected of DCD and Typically Developing Children of this Age Group

Development & Validation of Urdu Receptive Language Scale (URLS)

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