An Epidemiological Study of Habu-bites in the Amami Islands

Wakisaka, Ichiro; Miyashita, Mamoru; Ando, Tetsuo; Takano, Atsuko

doi:10.1265/jjh.33.606

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Before 1904, the fatality rate for P. flavoviridis bite cases was approximately 10%. 8 During the past six decades, however (since the 1950s), it has been decreasing as a result of improvements of the antivenom serum, the availability of that serum in villages, advances in the means of transportation, and the progression of anti-collapse treatment. Since 2005, there have been 15-33 cases/year of P. flavoviridis bite in Kagoshima (Web site of Kagoshima prefecture, in Japanese), 12 and in our epidemiological study, the mortality rate was only 1.1%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acute Kidney Injury and Rhabdomyolysis After Protobothrops flavoviridis Bite: A Retrospective Survey of 86 Patients in a Tertiary Care Center

Nishimura¹,

Enokida²,

Kawahira³

et al. 2016

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is the main cause of death for victims of hematoxic snakebites. A few studies have described improvement in AKI rates in snakebite cases, but the reasons for the improvement have not been investigated. Eighty-six patients with Protobothrops flavoviridis bites admitted to a single center from January 2003 through March 2014 were included in the study. Clinical variables, including age, sex, blood pressure (BP), and serum creatinine (S-Cre), on admission were compared between patients with and without AKI. One patient died of disseminated intravascular coagulation following AKI (mortality rate 1.1%). Six patients developed AKI with rhabdomyolysis. Systolic BP, S-Cre, serum creatine kinase, white blood cell count, and platelet count differed significantly between the AKI and non-AKI groups (P = 0.01). Three of the six patients were physically challenged to a degree that made it difficult for them to move or communicate, and these difficulties likely exacerbated the severity of snakebite complications. Our study demonstrated that the risk of snakebite-induced AKI for physically challenged patients was high. To further reduce mortality due to snakebite-induced AKI, we need to make it possible for physically challenged patients to receive first aid sooner.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7 These complications are prone to cause AKI, which is the main organ damage observed after Viperidae bites. There were epidemiological studies about snakebites on Amami Ohshima islands, [8][9][10] but there have been no large studies of the temporal development of AKI caused by P. flavoviridis venom.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Kidney Injury and Rhabdomyolysis After Protobothrops flavoviridis Bite: A Retrospective Survey of 86 Patients in a Tertiary Care Center

Nishimura¹,

Enokida²,

Kawahira³

et al. 2016

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…In contrast, the mortality rate reported in the same area in 1978 was 10%. 45 In summary, habu antivenom therapy appears to decrease mortality and should be considered when treating habu bites. 46,47 …”

Section: Habu (Protobothrops Flavoviridis) Bitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Serum Therapy: Benefits, Cautions, and Potential Applications

et al. 2017

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Blood serum from immunized humans or animals (e.g., horses) contains relevant antibodies and has been used as serum therapy to treat many diseases or envenomation events. The effectiveness of blood serum was initially discovered in 1890 when Kitasato and von Behring observed the effectiveness of this type of therapy against diphtheria and tetanus. Serum therapies played an important role in the advancement of modern medicine prior to the development of penicillin and steroids. At present, several types of serum therapy remain in clinical use. However, some physicians have a limited understanding of the nature and the benefits of serum therapy and the factors that require particular attention. In this review, we set out to clarify the benefits, cautions, and potential applications of serum therapy in the context of conditions such as gas gangrene, diphtheria, botulism, and tetanus and bites from three snake species (mamushi, habu, and yamakagashi) and the redback spider. It is hoped that this review will help clinicians to learn about clinical serum therapies and become familiar with their applications.

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