An epidemiological study of childhood leukemia

Ager, Ernest A.; Schuman, Leonard M.; Wallace, Helen M.; Rosenfield, A; Gullen, Warren H.

doi:10.1016/0021-9681(65)90096-2

Cited by 46 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Like ours, four studies found no association between having any X-ray during childhood and risk of either leukemia (13,29) or specifically ALL (10,19). Three other studies found little or no increased risk of ALL with having a low number of X-rays but an increased risk with having a "higher" number, although the definition of higher varied from "more than one" to "more than five" (11,16,28).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Exposure to Diagnostic Radiological Procedures and the Risk of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Bailey

Armstrong

Klerk

et al. 2010

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Background: Diagnostic irradiation of the mother during pregnancy increases the risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). There is inconsistent evidence on associations between ALL and other parental or childhood diagnostic irradiation. The aim of this analysis is to investigate whether diagnostic X-rays of the mother before birth, of the father before conception, or of the child increased the risk of childhood ALL.Methods: Data from 389 cases and 876 frequency-matched controls were analyzed using unconditional logistic regression, adjusting for study matching factors and potential confounders. A meta-analysis of our findings in relation to paternal X-rays before conception with the published findings of previous studies was also conducted.Results: There was no evidence of an increased risk with maternal abdominal X-rays before the birth of the index child or with the child having any X-rays more than 6 months before the censoring date. The odds ratio (OR) for any paternal abdominal X-ray before conception was 1.17 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.88-1.55], and 1.47 (95% CI, 0.98-2.21) for more than one X-ray. The OR for any paternal intravenous pyelogram before conception was 3.56 (95% CI, 1.59-7.98). The pooled OR for this study with previous studies of any paternal abdominal X-rays before conception was 1.17 (95% CI, 0.92-1.48).Conclusions: There was some evidence of an increased risk of ALL in the offspring if the father had more than one abdominal X-ray before conception or had ever had an intravenous pyelogram.Impact: We plan to repeat this analysis by using pooled data to improve precision. Cancer Epidemiol

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Exposure to Diagnostic Radiological Procedures and the Risk of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Bailey

Armstrong

Klerk

et al. 2010

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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“…Other investigations, including studies using medical records to verify x-ray exposure, did not report significantly increased risk of leukemia (Table 16). It is worth noting that in one U.S. study, a slightly elevated risk was observed when exposure was ascertained using interview data, but this association was not seen when medical record data were used, suggesting the possibility of recall or reporting bias with interview data [99]. Although one study reported possible effect modification by variants in the DNA mismatch repair genes hMSH3 (ex23 variant) and hMLH1 (ex8 variant), results were sex-specific and were not consistent between the first and second phase of the study [97, 98].…”

Section: Postnatal Early Life Exposures To Diagnostic Radiation and Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Children’s exposure to diagnostic medical radiation and cancer risk: epidemiologic and dosimetric considerations

2008

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While the etiology of most childhood cancers is largely unknown, epidemiologic studies have consistently found an association between exposure to medical radiation during pregnancy and risk of childhood cancer in offspring. The relation between early life diagnostic radiation exposure and occurrence of pediatric cancer risks is less clear. This review summarizes current and historical estimated doses for common diagnostic radiologic procedures as well as the epidemiologic literature on the role of maternal prenatal, children's postnatal and parental preconception diagnostic radiologic procedures on subsequent risk of childhood malignancies Risk estimates are presented according to factors such as the year of birth of the child, trimester and medical indication for the procedure, and the number of films taken. The paper also discusses limitations of the methods employed in epidemiologic studies to assess pediatric cancer risks, the effects on clinical practice of the results reported from the epidemiologic studies, and clinical and public health policy implications of the findings. Gaps in understanding and additional research needs are identified. Important research priorities include nationwide surveys to estimate fetal and childhood radiation doses from common diagnostic procedures, and epidemiologic studies to quantify pediatric and lifetime cancer risks from prenatal and early childhood exposures to diagnostic radiography, computed tomography, and fluoroscopically-guided procedures.

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“…First time reported an occurrence of childhood leukemia in clustering methodology [13]. In 1979, [14] carried out an epidemiological study to understand exposure dose on houses using wire code configuration.…”

Section: Relation Between Elf-emf and Childhood Leukemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field (ELF-EMF) and childhood leukemia near transmission lines: a review

Kokate

Mishra

Lokhande³

et al. 2016

AEM

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Children of the 21st century are continually exposing to multiple sources of electromagnetic field (EMF). By past few years, low frequency between 50 to 60 Hz shows consistent evidences of childhood leukemia(CL) and other epidemiological disorders in European and other developed countries .This article presents a systematic review of most cited studies from developed countries those shed light on the potential relation between childhood leukemia and extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF). All the findings of articles critically segregated as per human science scale like number of samples, exposure duration, frequency range, distance from the radiation sources, and location during measurement of magnetic field density near power lines. Some other significant effects of change in protein expression, neurological studies are also discussed in this work. The literatures of major studies since last two decade is divided according to pooled analysis /meta-analysis, residential zone assessment and case-control studies.It is very difficult to conclude common conclusion from all the results due non-homogeneous case control studies and complex exposure statistics; however is an attempt to fill the gap between electromagnetic field assessment and medical exposure analysis. The majority of findings were weakly associated with ELF-EMF and childhood leukemia if magnetic field exposure level ≥0.3/0.4 µT. Most of the scientific outcomes show ambiguous support for association with children's health residing near power transmission line. Wide discrepancy between short-term exposure and long-term exposure was observed during statistical analysis. However, the long-term exposure effects may be repeated in the highly populated and developing countries like India. Hence, assessment, review and analysis of ELF-EMF and its co relation with carcinogenic diseases is highly essential to protect young generation from this unknown future threat.

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An epidemiological study of childhood leukemia

Cited by 46 publications

References 31 publications

Exposure to Diagnostic Radiological Procedures and the Risk of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Exposure to Diagnostic Radiological Procedures and the Risk of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Children’s exposure to diagnostic medical radiation and cancer risk: epidemiologic and dosimetric considerations

Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field (ELF-EMF) and childhood leukemia near transmission lines: a review

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