An Epidemiological Study of Calf Health and Performance in Norwegian Dairy Herds

Simensen, E.

doi:10.1080/00015128209435340

Cited by 20 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 19 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…Increased knowledge about their situation is important for offering these animals rearing conditions in which they can maintain good health and adjust to milk production. A link between housing and health during the rearing period has been established by several authors; [19,11,37,36] and [49] found group housing to be a risk factor for disease, while [45] reported conflicting results. Furthermore, it has been shown that heifers suffering from a high incidence of disease as young calves have an increased risk of disease later in life, as well as a higher age at first calving [56].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Housing, Feeding and Management of Calves and Replacement Heifers in Swedish Dairy Herds

2001

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Pettersson K, Svensson C, Liberg P: Housing, feeding and management of calves and Replacement heifers in Swedish dairy herds. Acta vet. scand. 2001, 42, 465-478. -A questionnaire was sent to 1500 randomly selected dairy herds in Sweden, asking for general information about the herds, including routines from birth to first calving and also routines at breeding, calving and during the grazing period. Fifty-eight percent of the questionnaires were returned. The preweaned calves were kept in individual calf pens in 68% and in group housing systems in 28% of the herds. Pens with slatted floors were the main housing system for replacement heifers from weaning to breeding, and tie stalls from breeding to first calving. Whole milk was used in 44% and milk replacements in 42% of the herds. The calves received, as a median, 2.5 litres of milk per meal and 2 meals per day. The median age at weaning was 8 weeks. Age was the single most common criteria used for deciding both weaning and breeding time. The median age when the heifers were first turned out to pasture was 6 months. Prophylactic anthelmintic treatment was used by 65% of the herds. The most common diet for replacement heifers before calving was a combination of grain, hay and silage. colostrum; wearing; rearing; breeding; feed plan; pasture.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Housing, Feeding and Management of Calves and Replacement Heifers in Swedish Dairy Herds

2001

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Dairy calf management, morbidity and mortality in Ontario Holstein herds. I. The data

Waltner-Toews

Martin

Meek

et al. 1986

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

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Waltner-Toews, D., Martin, S.W., Meek, A.H. and McMillan, I., 1986. Dairy calf management, morbidity and mortality in Ontario Holstein herds. I. The Data. Prey. Vet. Med., Heifer calf management practices and clinical outcomes were studied on 104 randomly selected Holstein dairy farms in southwestern Ontario between October 1980 and July 1983. Data were collected at both the farm level (all farms) and the individual calf level (1968 calves, 35 farms).Farm-level management data were collected by means of questionnaires and farm visits. Calf-level management data were recorded by farmers on forms provided. Treatments for disease and mortality data were recorded by the farmers on the calves up to the age of weaning, the age at which calves were no longer fed milk or milk substitutes on a regular basis.Farm size ranged from 23 to 154 calvings per year. Farm-level'mortality rates per sixmonth season (winter/summer) were skewed, with a mean of about 6%, a median of zero, and a range of 67%. Morbidity rates were similarly skewed. Four percent of liveborn heifer calves died, 20% were treated for scours, and 15% were treated for pneumonia before the age of weaning.Stated farm policies on calf rearing were implemented to varying degrees on different farms, as estimated from individual calf data. This posed particular problems for interpreting farm-level data, since the danger of committing an ecologic fallacy was high. The data set described in this paper formed the basis for an observational study of the interrelationships of heifer calf management and clinical outcomes.

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Dairy calf management, morbidity and mortality in Ontario Holstein herds. III. Association of management with morbidity

Waltner-Toews

Martin

Meek

1986

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

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Waltner-Toews, D., Martin, S.W. and Meek, A.H., 1986. Dairy calf management, morbidity and mortality in Ontario Holstein herds. III. Association of management with morbidity. Prey. Vet. Med., Associations between heifer calf management and morbidity, particularly scours and pneumonia, were studied on 104 randomly selected Holstein dairy farms in southwestern Ontario between October 1980 and July 1983. At the farm level, data were stratified by season, with two six-month seasons (winter and summer) per year. The odds of farms with particular management strategies having above median morbidity were calculated. At the individual calf level, the odds of a calf being treated, controlling for farm of origin and month of birth, were calculated for different management practices.Farm size, and policies related to anti-scour vaccination, offering free-choice water and minerals to calves, methods of feeding, and the use of medicated feeds significantly altered the odds of a farm experiencing above-median pneumonia rates. Farm policies with regard to anti-scour vaccination, offering free-choice salt to calves, age at teat removal, type of calf housing, and use of preventive antimicrobials significantly altered the odds of a farm experiencing above-median scours rates.Scours and pneumonia were significantly associated with each other at both the farm and the calf level. No significant associations were found between individual calf management practices and the odds of being treated for scours. Sire used, method of first colostrum feeding, navel treatment, use of anti-scour vaccine in the dam, and the administration of preventive antimicrobials significantly altered the odds of a calf being treated for pneumonia.

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An Epidemiological Study of Calf Health and Performance in Norwegian Dairy Herds

Cited by 20 publications

References 19 publications

Housing, Feeding and Management of Calves and Replacement Heifers in Swedish Dairy Herds

Housing, Feeding and Management of Calves and Replacement Heifers in Swedish Dairy Herds

Dairy calf management, morbidity and mortality in Ontario Holstein herds. I. The data

Dairy calf management, morbidity and mortality in Ontario Holstein herds. III. Association of management with morbidity

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