An epidemiological study of blood pressure and lipid levels among Marwaris of Calcutta, India

Majumder, Partha P.; Nayak, Sujata; Sk, Bhattacharya; Ghosh, K. K.; Pal, Shweta; Mukherjee, B. N.

doi:10.1002/ajhb.1310060206

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Nevertheless, the socioeconomically most advanced population in group IV showed the largest mean DBP in males but not in females. This is consistent with the general observation, that compared to traditional populations, urbanized groups tend to show on average, higher blood pressures (Padmavathi and Gupta, 1959;Dalal, 1978;Rao, 1983;Dressler et al, 1987;McGarvey et al, 1989;Fleming Moran et al, 1991;Pollard et al, 1991;Majumder et al, 1994). The trend in females is less marked and different from that in males was also observed by others (Salmond et al, 1989;Fleming-Moran et al, 1991;Jiang He et al, 1991).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Blood pressure and adiposity: A comparative study of socioeconomically diverse groups of Andhra Pradesh, India

Reddy

1998

Am. J. Hum. Biol.

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The effect of adiposity on blood pressures, systolic (SBP), and diastolic (DBP), was examined in a sample of 1119 individuals (456 males, 663 females), 18–75 years, from socioeconomically diverse populations from Southern Andhra Pradesh, India. The populations were graded into four socioeconomic groups, group I–seminomadic Yerukalas, group II–hard working scheduled caste Mala and the Muslims, group III–land owning agricultural castes Reddy and Balija, and group IV–sedentary urban dwelling castes such as Brahmins, Vyshyas, and Marwadis. There was a trend of increase in mean blood pressures and the frequency of hypertensives (SBP ≥160 and/or DBP ≥95) with increasing age in all groups, and the increase was more distinct from group I to group IV. Mean values of body mass index (BMI: weight/height2) and body fat (SF4: sum of biceps, triceps, subscapular, and suprailiac skinfolds) also showed an increasing trend from group I to group IV. A somewhat opposite trend was evident in two indices of fat distribution, centripetal fat ratio (CFR: ratio of subscapular to the sum of subscapular and triceps skin fold thicknesses) and the relative fat pattern index (RFPI: ratio of subscapular skinfold thickness to the sum of subscapular and suprailiac skinfold thicknesses). Step‐wise regression analysis indicated that while one or the other adiposity measures along with one of the age terms significantly contributed to SBP variation among males in the affluent groups III and IV, neither any adiposity measure nor age explain the variation in group I, and only body fat, not age, in group II. A qualitatively similar pattern was observed in females, except that BMI explained a significant amount of variation in SBP in group I, and only age and not any of the adiposity measures, in group IV. Besides age, BMI and fat pattern indices accounted for a significant amount of variation in DBP, while RFPI explained a significant amount of variation in group IV. The amount of variation in SBP explained by the age and adiposity measures increased from the traditional to urbanized groups in males (2.4% to 24.8%) and females (11.4% to 43.6%). A similar trend was observed in case of DBP in both males (0.2% to 15.4%) and females (7.6% to 21.8%). Analysis of covariance of the pooled sample suggested that each of five categorical variables—physical activity, smoking, income, food habit, and group membership—independently explained a significant amount of residual variation in SBP of males, while only food habit and social status did so in females. DBP variation, however, was significantly accounted for by only three of the five (excluding food habit and smoking) categorical variables in males and by none in females. The effect of categorical variables on the residual variation in SBP becomes increasingly significant from the traditional to the urbanized groups in males, while this trend is not consistent in females. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 10:5–21, 1998. © 1998 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Blood pressure and adiposity: A comparative study of socioeconomically diverse groups of Andhra Pradesh, India

Reddy

1998

Am. J. Hum. Biol.

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“…60 individuals out of 450 were found to be hypertensive. This prevalence rate (13.3%) is higher than in many agricultural communities, but is similar to that of many semi-urban and urban popula tions [10], In all. 370 blood samples were available for analysis of ACE (I/D) polymor phism (59 hypertensives and 311 normotensives).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The hypertensives and normotensives have a very similar socio-eco nomic status, dietary habits and were free of any known heart conditions; therefore it is unlikely that this is a chance observation. Also there is a slightly higher prevalence of hyper tension in this population compared to many rural populations of India [10], but it is not clear whether this is due to becoming settled agriculturists or whether there is some other genetic/biological explanation. Further stud ies will help in elucidating genetics of hyper tension in this population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Deletion Polymorphism Is Associated with Hypertension in a Sikh Population

Mastana

Nunn

1997

Hum Hered

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The deletion polymorphism, situated in intron 16, of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene (17q23) has been observed to be associated with an increased risk for myocardial infarction and left ventricular hypertrophy in Caucasian populations. The homozygous genotype for the deletion allele (DD) has additionally been observed at greater frequencies in hypertensive individuals of African-American and Japanese origin. In a population-based study of a Sikh population, we compared the occurrence of the insertion/deletion polymorphism at the ACE gene in subjects with hypertension to those with normal blood pressure. The ACE deletion allele was observed with a greater frequency in hypertensive subjects than in the normotensive subjects (p < 0.0001). These findings raise the possibility that in some ethnic subgroups, variation in or near the ACE gene may contribute to the development, and severity, of hypertension.

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“…Earlier studies on Indian populations [20][21][22] also showed a greater prevalence of coronary heart disease and risk factors in urban subjects. In a population-based study among Marwaris of Calcutta, 23 the Marwaris had 17% of hypertensives and the means of SBP, DBP, TC and HDLc were 125.30 mmHg, 82.28 mmHg, 176.86 mg/dL and 41.06 mg/dL, respectively. Although the results of our study showed similar findings, no significant difference was observed for hypertension and smoking habit between the urban and rural populations ( Table 2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Multiple linear regression analysis of data collected from the 'Reddy' population of Southern Andhra Pradesh, India BMI, body mass index; CI, conicity index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDLc, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol. In a population-based study among Marwaris of Calcutta,23 the Marwaris had 17% of hypertensives and the means of SBP, DBP, TC and HDLc were 125.30 mmHg, 82.28 mmHg, 176.86 mg/dL and 41.06 mg/dL, respectively. Earlier studies on Indian populations[20][21][22] also showed a greater prevalence of coronary heart disease and risk factors in urban subjects.…”

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confidence: 96%

Association of overall and abdominal obesity with coronary heart disease risk factors: comparison between urban and rural Indian men

Venkatramana

Reddy

2002

Asia Pac J Clin Nutr

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The relationship of body mass index (BMI), conicity index (CI) and waist circumference to four coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors (systolic and diastolic blood pressures, total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels) was examined in urban (n = 110) and rural (n = 102) men aged > or = 20 years, drawn from the 'Reddy' population of Southern Andhra Pradesh, India. Using ANCOVA we found significant difference (< 0.01) for systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol between the urban and rural samples. The Pearson's correlation coefficients suggest that BMI and waist circumference had significant relationships with most of the risk factors in both the populations. The CI did not significantly influence any of the risk factors in the urban population; however, in the rural population, CI did show a significant positive relationship with both of the blood pressures and with TC. Even after controlling for age, smoking and physical activity (partial correlations), the relations remained constant. In multiple linear regression, BMI showed significant positive association with systolic and diastolic blood pressures (<0.01) and HDL cholesterol (<0.05) in the rural population only. However, the Cl showed a significant association with HDL cholesterol, and waist circumference with total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol in the rural population. The results of the present study revealed that BMI and waist circumference had a greater influence on the CHD risk factors, and that the influence was more conspicuous in the rural sample. Comparing the association of abdominal obesity measures (CI and waist circumference) with CHD risk factors, waist circumference better correlated with most of the risk factors. Hence the present study suggests that BMI and waist circumference are better indicators of CHD risk factors. However, the importance of Cl has to be further studied in South Asian populations.

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An epidemiological study of blood pressure and lipid levels among Marwaris of Calcutta, India

Cited by 13 publications

References 11 publications

Blood pressure and adiposity: A comparative study of socioeconomically diverse groups of Andhra Pradesh, India

Blood pressure and adiposity: A comparative study of socioeconomically diverse groups of Andhra Pradesh, India

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Deletion Polymorphism Is Associated with Hypertension in a Sikh Population

Association of overall and abdominal obesity with coronary heart disease risk factors: comparison between urban and rural Indian men

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