An epidemiological profile and trend analysis of wound flora in burned children: 7 years' experience

Bowser-Wallace, Bonny H.; Graves, Denise B.; Caldwell, Fred T.

doi:10.1016/0305-4179(84)90156-6

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…2 Globally, fire-related burns are responsible for about 265,000 deaths annually. 3 Over 90% of these fatalities occur in developing or lowand middle income countries (LMICs) with southeast Asia alone accounting for over half of fire-related deaths. 3 It has been estimated that 75% of all deaths following thermal injuries are related to infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 Over 90% of these fatalities occur in developing or lowand middle income countries (LMICs) with southeast Asia alone accounting for over half of fire-related deaths. 3 It has been estimated that 75% of all deaths following thermal injuries are related to infection. 3 The burn wound has a much higher incidence of infections compared with other forms of trauma because of extensive skin barrier destruction as well as alteration of the cellular and humoral immune responses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 It has been estimated that 75% of all deaths following thermal injuries are related to infection. 3 The burn wound has a much higher incidence of infections compared with other forms of trauma because of extensive skin barrier destruction as well as alteration of the cellular and humoral immune responses. 4 Thermal injury to the skin causes a massive release of humoral factors, including cytokines, prostaglandins, vasoactive prostanoids, and leukotrienes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Time Related Changes in Pathogenic Bacterial Patterns in Burn Wound Infections and Their Antibiotic Sensitivity Traits

Mehta

Singh²,

Sawhney

et al. 2017

Bangladesh J Med Sci

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Objectives: To examine the time related changes in the bacterial flora isolated from the burn patients and to compare the antibiograms of the predominant bacteria. Burn injuries constitute a major health concern with respect to morbidity and mortality as well as cost of management particularly in developing countries. It has been estimated that 75% of all deaths following thermal injuries are related to infection. It is essential for every hospital to determine the specific pattern of burn wound microbial colonization, time-related changes in predominant flora and anti microbial sensitivity profiles. Materials and Methods: 60 burn patients and their microbial isolates were examined during the study period. Periodic swabs were taken from burn wounds of the patients on admission and on 7th, 14th, and 21st days of hospitalization and the isolates were processed for culture, identification and antimicrobial sensitivity as per CLSI guidelines. Results: Among the 240 samples, single organism was isolated in 161 samples (67.1%) and mixed organisms in 22 samples (9.1 %) and no growth in 57 samples (23.7%). Among single isolates pseudomonas aerugenosa was predominant species (20.8%) followed by acinetobacter baumanii (15.4%), staph. aureus (14.1%) and klebsiella (7.5%). Among mixed growth pseudomonas was predominant species (30.4%) followed by acinetobacter (23.9%). klebsiella (17.4 %) and staph. aureus (10.8%). There was time related changes in bacterial isolation from burn wound during hospital stay of patients. On admission, Staph. Aureus was 18.3 %, pseudomonas was 8.3% and klebsiella was 6.6%. No growth found in 48.3% samples. These findings gradually changed with time and on day 21 Pseudomonas was 30% followed by Acinetobacter sp. (21.6%), Staph. aureus (13.3%) and Klebsella pneumoniae (6.6%). No growth was seen in 15% cases only. Antimicrobial sensitivity test showed that pseudomonas was sensitive to Imipenem, Merepenem and Ampicillin. Acinetobacter was also found most sensitive to Amikacin and Tetracycline, followed by Tobramycin. Staphylococcus aureus was sensitive to Linezolid, Gentamycin followed by Vancomycin. Conclusion: There were timerelated changes in microbial colonization during hospital stay of patients. Effective protocols should be made for burn patients and effort is needed for improving overall infection related morbidity and mortality.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Time Related Changes in Pathogenic Bacterial Patterns in Burn Wound Infections and Their Antibiotic Sensitivity Traits

Mehta

Singh²,

Sawhney

et al. 2017

Bangladesh J Med Sci

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“…S. aureus has become the major burn pathogen [2], as the primary isolate recovered in 75% of burn patients dying of septicaernia. Bowser-Wallace et al [3] indicated that the incidence of invasive cultures also increased as burn size increased, with coagulase-positive Staphylococcus as the predominant invasive burn wound pathogenic isolate. In fact, S. epidermidis was the commonest organism within the first 24 post-operative hours, with S. aureus being the commonest isolate in the first week [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Combined Effects of Stilbenoid from Shorea gibbosa and Vancomycin against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

et al. 2012

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The aim of this study is to determine the combined effects of stilbenoids from Shorea gibbosa and vancomycin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). A total of nine pure compounds, five stilbenoid dimers ε-viniferin, ampelopsin A, balanocarpol, laevifonol and diptoindonesin G and four stilbenoid trimers α-viniferin, johorenol A, ampelopsin E and vaticanol G were evaluated for their antibacterial activities against ATCC 33591 and a HUKM clinical isolate. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) for each active compound were determined using the serial microdilution and plate-streak techniques. The combined effect of stilbenoids with vancomycin against MRSA was evaluated using the checkerboard assay to determine their fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index values. The MIC value of α-viniferin on both MRSA strains was 100 μg/mL, whereas those of johorenol A on ATCC 33591 and HUKM strain were 100 μg/mL and 200 μg/mL, respectively. The MIC values of ampelopsin E and vaticanol G were higher than 400 μg/mL. Out of the five stilbenoid dimers, only ε-viniferin was capable of inhibiting the growth of both MRSA strains at MIC 400 μg/mL. The MBC value of ε-viniferin, α-viniferin and johorenol A showed bacteriostatic action against MRSA. The FIC index value of ε-viniferin and α-viniferin in combination with vancomycin showed an additive effect (0.5 < FIC ≤ 2.0) against both MRSA strains. Johorenol A-vancomycin combination was also additive against HUKM strain, but it showed synergistic interaction with vancomycin against ATCC 33591 (FIC < 0.5). Stilbenoid compounds from Shorea gibbosa have anti-MRSA activity and huge potential as an alternative phytotherapy in combating MRSA infections.

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“…La pérdida de la barrera epitelial, la malnutrición inducida por la respuesta hipermetabólica y la respuesta inmunosupresiva generalizada provocada por la quemadura promueven la infección en este tipo de pacientes 3 . A pesar del cambio terapéutico ocurrido en la última década, con una actitud quirúrgica precoz y más agresiva en los últimos años 4,5 , la práctica habitual en muchos centros de quemados y en casi la totalidad de centros españoles es el aislamiento estricto de los pacientes quemados con la intención de disminuir las complicaciones infecciosas 6,7 . En el presente estudio determinamos la epidemiología, cronología y origen de la colonización bacteriana en los grandes quemados con el objetivo de determinar el origen endógeno o exógeno de estas infecciones y el índice de contaminación cruzada entre pacientes.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Cronología de la colonización bacteriana en grandes quemados: ¿es el aislamiento estricto necesario?

Barret¹

2003

Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin

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Manuscrito recibido el 25-10-2002; aceptado el 17-3-2003. INTRODUCCIÓN. La infección continúa siendo una causa principal de mortalidad en los grandes quemados. El aislamiento estricto ha sido durante décadas uno de los pilares básicos de la prevención de estas infecciones. El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar la cronología de la colonización bacteriana en los grandes quemados y determinar si el aislamiento estricto es necesario. MÉTODOS. Se estudiaron 30 pacientes pediátricos afectados de grandes quemaduras. Los pacientes fueron tratados únicamente con aislamiento de barrera durante las curas. Se obtuvieron cultivos de la quemadura, esputo, aspirados traqueales, heces y hemocultivos en el momento del ingreso, y dos veces por semana hasta el alta del enfermo. Se obtuvieron asimismo los biotipos de todas las cepas aisladas. Los resultados fueron tratados con regresión lineal multivariante y análisis de la varianza entre grupos (ANOVA) para determinar la progresión de los cultivos durante el ingreso de los pacientes y la contaminación cruzada entre pacientes. RESULTADOS. En el ingreso, todos los pacientes presentaron cultivos de quemadura positivos con flora cutánea habitual. El resto de cultivos fueron negativos. Progresivamente, los aspirados gástricos se colonizaron por bacterias gramnegativas y hongos, seguida por una colonización de las heces, quemadura y de esputo. El estudio de los biotipos de las cepas reveló una progresión unidireccional del tracto digestivo hacia la quemadura y vía aérea. El estudio de biotipos entre pacientes fue negativo. CONCLUSIONES. La colonización de los grandes quemados sucede de forma endógena, con una nula colonización cruzada entre pacientes. El aislamiento estricto de los pacientes quemados es innecesario, salvo que existan brotes de microorganismos multirresistentes.Palabras clave: Quemadura. Infección. Aislamiento. Colonización.Timing of bacterial colonization in severe burn patients: is strict isolation necessary?INTRODUCTION. Infection is still one of the main causes of mortality in severe burn patients. Strict isolation has been used for the prevention of infection, but the efficacy of this measure is debatable. The aim of this study was to determine the timing of bacterial colonization in these patients and to ascertain whether strict isolation is indicated. METHODS. Thirty consecutive children with severe burns were studied. Patients were only barrier-nursed during dressing changes. On admission and twice weekly over the entire hospital stay, burn, sputum, gastric aspirates, feces, and blood samples were obtained for culture. All isolates were tested for specific biotypes. Results were studied with linear regression and repeated measures ANOVA to determine the timing of colonization and cross-colonization between patients. RESULTS. On admission, normal cutaneous flora were isolated from burn cultures of all patients. The remaining cultures were negative. After one week, gastric aspirates were found to be colonized by gram-negative bacteria and fungi. This was fol...

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An epidemiological profile and trend analysis of wound flora in burned children: 7 years' experience

Cited by 15 publications

References 18 publications

Time Related Changes in Pathogenic Bacterial Patterns in Burn Wound Infections and Their Antibiotic Sensitivity Traits

Time Related Changes in Pathogenic Bacterial Patterns in Burn Wound Infections and Their Antibiotic Sensitivity Traits

Evaluation of the Combined Effects of Stilbenoid from Shorea gibbosa and Vancomycin against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Cronología de la colonización bacteriana en grandes quemados: ¿es el aislamiento estricto necesario?

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