An epidemiological investigation of gastric cancer

Smoking and cancer of the alimentary tract in Poland.

“…Four other studies (Dunham and Brunschwig, 1946;Higginson, 1966;Schwartz et al, 1961;Wynder et al, 1963) failed to find such association (in Wynder's study, however, a higher percentage of smokers may be noticed in the Japanese).…”

Cancer risk by education in Iceland; a census-based cohort study

“…Stomach cancer used to be the most common cancer in Icelandic men and the mortality was among the highest in the world [23]. However, the incidence has declined significantly, with the age-standardized incidence per 100 000 person years being currently 10.2 (in 2001Á2005) or only 15% of what it was in the years 1956Á1960 when it was 69.8 [8].…”

The sex ratio in gastric cancer and hypothetical considerations relative to aetiology

“…Many studies have been conducted comparing the diets of patients with gastric cancer and those of controls variously selected (Stocks and Karn, 1933;Wynder et al, 1963;Acheson and Doll, 1964;Higginson, 1966). These have not given any strong and consistent indications to incriminate any one item of diet.…”

“…On the other hand the difference between social classes in average consumption of certain items of food would probably have been greater than the differences in total consumption. Wynder et al, (1963) (Antar, Ohlson and Hodges, 1964 A coherent hypothesis of aetiology must be able to accommodate the curious relationship between the occurrence of gastric cancer and certain characteristics of soil, noted in the Netherlands (Tromp and Diehl, 1955) and in Japan (Kurokawa, 1961) as well as in Britain where detailed studies have been made by Davies (1960, 1964). The highly localized nature of the associations found by them might be explained by postulating that certain types of soil favour the production of a carcinogen for which a local-grown foodstuff serves as the vechicle.…”