An Epidemiologic Study of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Canada

Abstract

Background and Methods: To provide information on poorly described Canadian hepatocellular cancer epidemiology, we analyzed incident cases abstracted from the Canadian Cancer Registration Database and Canadian annual death data . Age, sex, geographic distribution, and secular trends were described. Projection models were developed for the next decade.Results: Results indicated much higher incidence and mortality rates in males than females, with substantial increases for both with age. Age-standardized incidence rates increased an average of 3.4% per year in males, 1.2% per year in females . Age-standardized mortality rates increased an average of 1.48% in males, but decreased an average of 0.46% per year in females . Joinpoint analysis of the linear trends in the age-standardized incidence and mortality rates suggested that a new trend started to emerge about 1991. The fitted non-linear multiplicative model predicted the occurrence of 1,565 new cases and 802 deaths in the year 2010. HCC incidence was the highest in British Colombia, followed by Quebec, and the lowest in the Atlantic region. Conclusions:Incidence rates of hepatocellular carcinoma have increased substantially, consistent with the reported increase in the prevalence of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) and Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infections in recent decades.La traduction du résumé se trouve à la fin de l'article.

Health care costs associated with hepatocellular carcinoma: A population-based study

“…The burden of illness associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an escalating public health problem worldwide . Studies using population‐based registries have shown an increase in HCC incidence and mortality in many countries over the past 30 years . In Canada, HCC incidence is expected to continue to increase over the next decade, with an average increase in the age‐adjusted incidence of 3.4% per year in men and 2.2% per year in women .…”

“…Studies using population‐based registries have shown an increase in HCC incidence and mortality in many countries over the past 30 years . In Canada, HCC incidence is expected to continue to increase over the next decade, with an average increase in the age‐adjusted incidence of 3.4% per year in men and 2.2% per year in women . The increases in HCC incidence in some low‐risk areas, including Canada, suggest an underlying birth cohort effect linked to an increase in the incidence or prevalence of hepatitis C, immigration of people from countries with a high prevalence of hepatitis B and C, obesity, and diabetes mellitus .…”

Hepatocellular carcinoma incidence trends in Canada: analysis by birth cohort and period of diagnosis

“…In general, more developed geographical regions such as North America, western Europe and Australia have a low HCC incidence relative to less developed geographical regions where hepatitis B viral infections (HBV) are endemic, such as sub‐Saharan Africa and southeast Asia (4). Yet, over the past few decades, the incidence of HCC has increased among some developed countries, including Canada (5–10).…”

Hepatocellular Carcinoma in The Gambia and the role of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C

“…Chronic infection with Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been associated with the disease [2,3] with higher incidences reported in countries where Hepatitis B and or Hepatitis C are endemic [4,5] HCV has a lower global prevalence than HBV and is more often associated with HCC in economically developed regions [6,7]. Globally, HCC is increasingly becoming a major health concern with estimates of 500,000 new cases reported annually [8].…”

“…Globally, HCC is increasingly becoming a major health concern with estimates of 500,000 new cases reported annually [8]. Some studies have shown a direct correlation between the geographical distribution of HBV and HCV and HCC prevalence [7]. In Japan and Italy where higher HCV prevalence is very high, HCC has been shown to be more prevalent [8].…”