An epidemiologic study of childhood sexual abuse and adult sleep disturbances.

Lind, Mackenzie J.; Aggen, Steven H.; Kendler, Kenneth S.; York, Timothy P.; Amstadter, Ananda B.

doi:10.1037/tra0000080

Cited by 52 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(91 reference statements)

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“…The existing studies of sleep and trauma in clinical samples (Aubert et al, 2016;Hamilton et al, 2018), including the current, have not found any association between sexual abuse and insomnia. This is in contrast to the studies of non-clinical samples (Kajeepeta et al, 2015;Lind, Aggen, Kendler, York, & Amstadter, 2016;Steine et al, 2012). Our data have no indications of why.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Sleep disturbance mediates the link between childhood trauma and clinical outcome in severe mental disorders

et al. 2020

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Background The experience of childhood trauma is linked to more severe symptoms and poorer functioning in severe mental disorders; however, the mechanisms behind this are poorly understood. We investigate the relationship between childhood trauma and sleep disturbances in severe mental disorders including the role of sleep disturbances in mediating the relationship between childhood trauma and the severity of clinical symptoms and poorer functioning. Methods In total, 766 participants with schizophrenia-spectrum (n = 418) or bipolar disorders (n = 348) were assessed with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Sleep disturbances were assessed through the sleep items in the self-reported Inventory of Depressive Symptoms. Clinical symptoms and functioning were assessed with The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale. Mediation analyses using ordinary least squares regression were conducted to test if sleep disturbances mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and the severity of clinical symptoms and poorer functioning. Results Symptoms of insomnia, but not hypersomnia or delayed sleep phase, were significantly more frequent in participants with childhood trauma experiences compared to those without. Physical abuse, emotional abuse, and emotional neglect were significantly associated with insomnia symptoms. Insomnia symptoms partly mediate the relationship between childhood trauma and the severity of positive and depressive/anxiety symptoms, in addition to poorer functioning. Conclusion We found frequent co-occurrence of childhood trauma history and current insomnia in severe mental disorders. Insomnia partly mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and the severity of clinical symptoms and functional impairment.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Sleep disturbance mediates the link between childhood trauma and clinical outcome in severe mental disorders

et al. 2020

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“…Participants for the current study were taken from the Virginia Adult Twin Studies of Psychiatric and Substance Use Disorders (VATSPSUD; total N ∼ 7500), a large longitudinal twin study of Caucasian adults, described in detail elsewhere (Kendler & Prescott, ). Similar to existing papers with this data set (e.g., Kendler et al., ; Lind et al., ; Lind, Aggen, Kendler, York, & Amstadter, ), this sample is being used as an epidemiological sample, with analyses controlling for twin status. We utilized data from female–female (FF) and male–male and male–female (MMMF) twins assessed at two separate interview waves (referred to here as Time 1 [study wave 1 for FF and MMMF] and Time 2 [study wave 3 for FF and wave 2 for MMMF]).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of resilience and subsequent stressful life events on MDD and GAD

et al. 2017

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Background There remains a dearth of research examining the “buffering” effect of resilience, wherein resilience at one point in time would be expected to protect an individual against development of psychopathology following future adverse life events. Methods Using longitudinal data from an epidemiological twin sample (N = 7463), this study tested whether resilience would act as a buffer for stressful life events (SLEs) against risk for major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Resilience, demographics, and psychopathology were measured at Time 1 and recent SLEs and current MDD and GAD were measured at Time 2. Results Final models, controlling for demographic covariates and Time 1 diagnosis, examined the impact of Time 1 resilience, recent SLEs, their interaction, and a three-way interaction adding sex, on MDD and GAD. Conclusions The pattern of findings was the same for MDD and GAD, wherein main effects and two-way interactions of resilience and SLEs were significant, such that greater resilience was protective, even in the context of high numbers of past-year SLEs. The three-way interaction was not significant, suggesting that the relationship between SLEs and resilience on psychopathology was the same for both men and women. Findings support the conceptualization of resilience as a buffer against the impact of future life stressors on common internalizing psychopathology. Longitudinal designs and trajectory-based studies that include recurring measures of SLEs could inform conceptualizations of resilience in the context of ongoing adversity and aid in developing interventions aimed at fostering healthy adaptation in the face of stressors.

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“…Direct and indirect human and animal stress research supports the important supraordinate role of CS on stress system and GCs, linking circadian misalignment in ELS/CT-related pathophysiology and potentially resulting in the extensive comorbidities of ELS/CT through an impaired homeostatic balance. Some animal (332), but-most importantly-numerous human studies including large cohorts, have repeatedly confirmed that ELS/CT is independently associated with enduring adult sleep disruption including global sleep pathology (i.e., insomnia), as well as specific types of sleep problems, such as shortened total sleep time, prolonged sleep onset latency, decreased sleep efficiency, increased number of awakenings, nightmare related distress, sleep apnea and higher nocturnal activity in a probably dose-response manner (333)(334)(335)(336)(337)(338)(339)(340)(341)(342)(343)(344).…”

Section: Sleep and Circadian Systemmentioning

confidence: 97%

Developmental Trajectories of Early Life Stress and Trauma: A Narrative Review on Neurobiological Aspects Beyond Stress System Dysregulation

et al. 2019

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Early life stressors display a high universal prevalence and constitute a major public health problem. Prolonged psychoneurobiological alterations as sequelae of early life stress (ELS) could represent a developmental risk factor and mediate risk for disease, leading to higher physical and mental morbidity rates in later life. ELS could exert a programming effect on sensitive neuronal brain networks related to the stress response during critical periods of development and thus lead to enduring hyper- or hypo-activation of the stress system and altered glucocorticoid signaling. In addition, alterations in emotional and autonomic reactivity, circadian rhythm disruption, functional and structural changes in the brain, as well as immune and metabolic dysregulation have been lately identified as important risk factors for a chronically impaired homeostatic balance after ELS. Furthermore, human genetic background and epigenetic modifications through stress-related gene expression could interact with these alterations and explain inter-individual variation in vulnerability or resilience to stress. This narrative review presents relevant evidence from mainly human research on the ten most acknowledged neurobiological allostatic pathways exerting enduring adverse effects of ELS even decades later (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, autonomic nervous system, immune system and inflammation, oxidative stress, cardiovascular system, gut microbiome, sleep and circadian system, genetics, epigenetics, structural, and functional brain correlates). Although most findings back a causal relation between ELS and psychobiological maladjustment in later life, the precise developmental trajectories and their temporal coincidence has not been elucidated as yet. Future studies should prospectively investigate putative mediators and their temporal sequence, while considering the potentially delayed time-frame for their phenotypical expression. Better screening strategies for ELS are needed for a better individual prevention and treatment.

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An epidemiologic study of childhood sexual abuse and adult sleep disturbances.

Cited by 52 publications

References 49 publications

Sleep disturbance mediates the link between childhood trauma and clinical outcome in severe mental disorders

Sleep disturbance mediates the link between childhood trauma and clinical outcome in severe mental disorders

The impact of resilience and subsequent stressful life events on MDD and GAD

Developmental Trajectories of Early Life Stress and Trauma: A Narrative Review on Neurobiological Aspects Beyond Stress System Dysregulation

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