An epidemic of virus disease in Southern Province, Tanganyika territory, in 1952–1953 II. General description and epidemiology

Lumsden, W. H. R.

doi:10.1016/0035-9203(55)90081-x

Cited by 384 publications

(273 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Chikungunya fever (CHIKF) was first described in 1952 during an epidemic in Tanzania, East Africa (1,2). It is a positive-strand RNA virus belonging to the Togaviridae family and Alphavirus genus, and is maintained in two distinct transmission cycles; (1) sylvatic cycle and (2) human-mosquitohuman cycle.…”

Section: Hikungunya Virus (Chikv) Is the Causative Agent Formentioning

confidence: 99%

Active Infection of Human Blood Monocytes by Chikungunya Virus Triggers an Innate Immune Response

Her

Malleret

Chan

et al. 2010

The Journal of Immunology

250

254

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Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an alphavirus that causes chronic and incapacitating arthralgia in humans. To date, interactions between the immune system and the different stages of the virus life cycle remain poorly defined. We demonstrated for the first time that CHIKV Ags could be detected in vivo in the monocytes of acutely infected patients. Using in vitro experimental systems, whole blood and purified monocytes, we confirmed that monocytes could be infected and virus growth could be sustained. CHIKV interactions with monocytes, and with other blood leukocytes, induced a robust and rapid innate immune response with the production of specific chemokines and cytokines. In particular, high levels of IFN-α were produced rapidly after CHIKV incubation with monocytes. The identification of monocytes during the early phase of CHIKV infection in vivo is significant as infected monocyte/macrophage cells have been detected in the synovial tissues of chronically CHIKV-infected patients, and these cells may behave as the vehicles for virus dissemination. This may explain the persistence of joint symptoms despite the short duration of viremia. Our results provide a better understanding on the basic mechanisms of infection and early antiviral immune responses and will help in the development of future effective control strategies.

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Section: Hikungunya Virus (Chikv) Is the Causative Agent Formentioning

confidence: 99%

Active Infection of Human Blood Monocytes by Chikungunya Virus Triggers an Innate Immune Response

Her

Malleret

Chan

et al. 2010

The Journal of Immunology

250

254

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“…aegypti are present in large numbers, a situation that may lead to village and large urban epidemics in Africa. [2,19,20] The prototype CHIK epidemic which occurred in Tanzania in 1952 to 1953, resulted when Ae. aegypti-borne disease moved through multiple villages over an expanse exceeding 5000 km 2 .…”

Section: Globalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…aegypti vectors and human habits, as also a phenomenon that could occur as a result of mechanical transmission or interrupted feeding of competent biological vectors. [2] Asia: Different patterns of transmission of disease are observed in Asia as compared to Africa. The disease is primarily transmitted from human to human by Ae.…”

Section: Globalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The name is derived from the Makonde word meaning "that which bends up" in reference to the stooped posture developed as a result of the arthritic symptoms of the disease. [1,2] The sudden onset of the disease including crippling arthralgia and frequent arthritis that accompany fever, chills, headache, nausea, vomiting, low back pain and rash are clinically distinctive. The disease is almost selflimiting and rarely fatal.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chikungunya fever: A re-emerging viral infection

Chhabra¹,

Mittal²,

Bhattacharya³

et al. 2008

Indian J Med Microbiol

128

145

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“…The CHIKV was first isolated and characterized in humans and mosquitoes during an outbreak in Tanzania and Mozambique in 1955. 2 Afterwards, several outbreaks of CHIKV occurred and affected millions of people in eastern, southern, central Africa and Asia. 3 CHIKV was introduced in the Americas in October 2013.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Chikungunya Virus in Nepal

Pandey

Neupane

Pandey

et al. 2015

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an emerging alphaviral disease and a public health problem in South Asia including Nepal in recent years. In this study, sera were collected from patients presenting with fever, headache, muscular pain, fatigue, and joint pain of both upper and lower extremities. A total of 169 serum samples were tested for CHIKV and dengue virus (DENV) by using Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody using enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method during August to November 2013. Results showed that 3.6% and 27.8% samples were positive for CHIKV and DENV IgM positive, respectively. Similarly, results of IgG showed 3.0% samples were positive for CHIKV IgG and 29.0% were for DENV IgG positive. Further, a 50% focal reduction neutralization test (FRNT 50 ) was performed to confirm the presence of CHIKV, which demonstrated that 8.9% of CHIKV IgM and/or IgG ELISA positive possessed neutralizing anti-CHIK antibodies. To our knowledge, this is the first report in which the presence of CHIKV is confirmed in Nepalese patients by FRNT 50 . Basic scientists and clinicians need to consider CHIKV as a differential diagnosis in febrile Nepalese patients, and policy makers should consider appropriate surveillance and actions for control strategies.Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne febrile illness that is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes.1 CHIKV belongs to the Alphavirus genus of the Togaviridae family whereas dengue viruses (DENVs) belong to genus Flavivirus of the family Flaviviridae. Both CHIKV and DENV are transmitted by the same mosquito vectors. The CHIKV was first isolated and characterized in humans and mosquitoes during an outbreak in Tanzania and Mozambique in 1955. 2 Afterwards, several outbreaks of CHIKV occurred and affected millions of people in eastern, southern, central Africa and Asia.3 CHIKV was introduced in the Americas in October 2013. As of April 2015, over 1,322,893 cases have been suspected and 30,309 confirmed to be CHIKV in the Americas. 4 It generally causes mild illness but sometimes can lead to severe and lifethreatening complications. The disease is characterized by an acute illness with fever, chills, headache, nausea, vomiting, joint pain with or without swelling, low back pain, and skin rash. DENV can progress to dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome while CHIKV causes arthralgia, which may persist for months. 5 There is similarity in signs and symptoms of CHIK and DEN, which increases risks for misdiagnosis and underreporting of CHIKV infection in DEN-endemic areas. 5 The incubation period of CHIKV is usually 2-10 days, with constitutional symptoms lasting up to 7 days. The symptoms usually resolve within days to a few weeks; but in severe cases, these symptoms may last for months. Herein, we report a serological study of possible CHIKV infection with confirmation by 50% focal reduction neutralization test (FRNT 50 ) among febrile patients for the first time in N...

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An epidemic of virus disease in Southern Province, Tanganyika territory, in 1952–1953 II. General description and epidemiology

Cited by 384 publications

References 6 publications

Active Infection of Human Blood Monocytes by Chikungunya Virus Triggers an Innate Immune Response

Active Infection of Human Blood Monocytes by Chikungunya Virus Triggers an Innate Immune Response

Chikungunya fever: A re-emerging viral infection

Detection of Chikungunya Virus in Nepal

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