An epidemic of contact allergy to methylisothiazolinone in <scp>F</scp>inland

Lammintausta, Kaija; Aalto‐Korte, Kristiina; Ackerman, L.; Alanko, Kristiina; Berry, Päivikki; Hasan, Taina; Kaminska, Renata; Korhonen, Laura; Laukkanen, Arja; Liippo, Jussi; Pesonen, Maria; Rantanen, Tapio; Riekki, Riita; Suuronen, Katri

doi:10.1111/cod.12186

Cited by 42 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 3 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…Accordingly, isothiazolinones have gained notoriety in the last years as an emerging contact allergen [41][42][43][44] , present in wet wipes, skin cleansers, liquid soaps, lotions, shampoos and conditioners. 1,42,43,[45][46][47][48][49] Together with rubber chemical accelerators, MI and or MCI/MI are associated with at least doubled risk of occupational ACD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dermatite de Contacto Alérgica em Profissionais de Saúde

Pinheiro

Pestana

Marques

et al. 2017

SPDV

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RESUMO -Introdução: A dermatite de contacto alérgica (DCA) constitui patologia profissional particularmente frequente em profissionais de saúde. Os alergénios responsáveis podem variar ao longe do tempo, com a exposição ocupacional e com o tipo de trabalho. Objectivos e Métodos: Com o objetivo de avaliar a realidade local, foi feita uma análise retrospetiva dos profissionais de saúde que realizaram testes epicutâneos no Serviço de Dermatologia do Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), num período de 6 anos (2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015), por suspeita de dermatite de contacto alérgica. Os doentes foram todos testados com uma Série Básica e com séries complementares orientadas pela história clínica. Resultados: Dos 1858 doentes testados, 125 (6,7%) eram profissionais de saúde, 114 de género feminino/11 masculino, idade média de 39,26±12,5 anos, maioritariamente enfermeiras (56), assistentes técnicos (48) e médicos (21), 71 com dermatite das mãos (56.8%), 22 com dermatite atópica e/ou outros sinais de atopia (17,6%). Noventa (72%) revelaram pelo menos um patch test (PT) positivo, 47 dos quais (52,2%) com relevância profissional. Doentes com dermatite das mãos tiveram mais frequentemente PT positivo (76,1%). Os metais causaram maior número de PT positivos (total 51; Ni-41, maioritariamente com relevância passada, Co-8; Cr-2), seguidos das fragrâncias (total 30; mistura de fragrâncias (FM)-I-10; Myroxylon pereirae-8; lyral-5; FM-II-4; citronellol-3), conservantes (total 29, dos quais 20 à metilisotiazolinona (MI) e/ou clorometilisotiazolinona/MI (MCI/MI)), borrachas (24; P-fenilenodiamina (PPD)/Isopropil-PPD-9) e medicamentos tópicos (total 14; iodopovidona 5). As principais causas da DCA profissional foram os desinfetantes/sabonetes líquidos e produtos de higiene dos doentes (15), borracha das luvas/calçado (12) e medicamentos sistémicos ou tópicos (8 antissépticos e 3 antibióticos parentéricos). Os principais alergénios com relevância profissional foram a MI e/ou MCI/MI (15), lanolina (9), formaldeído e/ou libertadores (7), iodopovidona (5), carbamatos (4), FM-I (3), cefalosporinas (3) e acrilatos (3 dentistas e/ou assistentes dentários). Em 37 dos 42 casos avaliados, houve uma melhoria franca ou resolução da DCA, após evicção do alergénio causal, nomeadamente o conservante MCI/ MI contido num sabonete líquido sob a designação de "Acticide ® MV". Conclusões: A dermatite das mãos, a principal apresentação da DCA em profissionais de saúde, não mostrou relação com atopia e foi mais frequentemente associada a PT positivos. PT positivos a isotiazolinonas e libertadores de formaldeído foram mais frequentes entre profissionais de saúde do que na população geral estudada, muito provavelmente devido à exposição cumulativa, pessoal e profissional, a estes conservantes em sabonetes líquidos de uso pessoal e hospitalar. O PT foi crucial para orientar individualmente os doentes e para alertar a comunidade hospitalar para a presença de alergénios no local de trabalho e estabelecer medidas preventivas mais ade...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dermatite de Contacto Alérgica em Profissionais de Saúde

Pinheiro

Pestana

Marques

et al. 2017

SPDV

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“…Several retrospective observational studies from European countries have shown increasing prevalence rates of MI contact allergy from 1.5%-2.5% in 2010 to 6%-12% in 2014 in European contact dermatitis patients [7,17,[35][36][37][41][42][43]. No decline has yet been observed in surveillance data of European patients with contact dermatitis, and the relevance of the MI contact allergy exceeds 70%-80% [7].…”

Section: Contact Allergy To Methylisothiazolinonementioning

confidence: 99%

“…MI contact allergy has been associated with female sex, hand dermatitis, facial dermatitis and work as a painter [7,17,35,36,[41][42][43][44][45][46]. Additionally, it has been shown that MI contact allergy attributes greatly to the increasing prevalence of facial dermatitis observed in patients with preservative contact allergy [7].…”

Section: Contact Allergy To Methylisothiazolinonementioning

confidence: 99%

Contact Allergy to Preservatives—Is the European Commission a Commendable Risk Manager?

Schwensen

Thyssen

2016

Cosmetics

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Abstract:Although preservatives are necessary to prevent deterioration by microbial growth in cosmetic products, daily skin contact with preserved cosmetic products may cause a preservative contact allergy. Only preservatives with sufficient pre-market risk assessment, presumably being safe for the consumer from a public health point of view, are permitted for use in cosmetic products in the European Union. Notwithstanding the efforts by the European Commission (EC) to avoid epidemics of contact allergy, the former epidemic of contact allergy to methyldibromo glutaronitrile and the unprecedented epidemic of contact allergy to methylisothiazolinone show the procrastination of the European Union risk management process for cosmetic ingredients. Timely risk management is of the utmost importance to avoid rapidly increasing numbers of contact allergy to turn into full-blown epidemics. It is therefore proposed that in order to avoid future epidemics of contact allergy to preservatives, the allowed preservatives in cosmetic products should be entered onto Annex V on a time-limited basis only, and they must be re-evaluated in order to stay on Annex V.

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“…W badaniach duńskich dodatnie wyniki testów z MCI/MI występowały u 41% lub 51% uczulonych na MI (17,72), a w badaniach niemieckich dotyczyły one 64,5% testowanych (67). Z kolei według danych francuskich nie reagowała na MCI/MI około 1/3 uczulonych na MI (29,2%, 32,6%, 33,5% w kolejnych latach) (59), a w badaniach fińskich sprzed 2010 r. -34% i 8,1% (71).…”

Section: Diagnostyka Alergii Kontaktowej Na Mci/mi Oraz MIunclassified

ISOTHIAZOLINONES AS CAUSAL FACTORS OF CONTACT ALLERGY EPIDEMICS IN THE 20th AND 21st CENTURIES

Chomiczewska-Skóra¹,

Krêcisz²,

Kieć-Swierczyńska³

2014

Med Pr

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StreszczenieChlorometyloizotiazolinon (chloromethylisothiazolinone -MCI) i metyloizotiazolinon (methylisothiazolinone -MI) od końca lat 70. XX w. do 2014 r. stanowiły konserwanty powszechnie stosowane w kosmetykach, artykułach chemii gospodarczej i produktach przemysłowych. Pierwsze przypadki alergii kontaktowej na mieszaninę MCI/MI odnotowano w latach 1980-1982 w Szwecji, a następnie w wielu ośrodkach europejskich obserwowano istotny wzrost częstości uczuleń na te związki. Został on zahamowany dzięki wprowadzeniu w Europie i niektórych krajach pozaeuropejskich regulacji prawnych dotyczących dopuszczalnego stęże-nia MCI i MI w produktach konsumenckich i przemysłowych. Zezwolenie od 2000 r. na stosowanie bez limitu samego MI w produktach przemysłowych i od 2005 w kosmetykach w stężeniu do 100 ppm spowodowało w ostatnich latach znaczący wzrost liczby uczulonych na ten związek. Alergiczne kontaktowe zapalenie skóry związane z MI występuje zarówno u dorosłych, jak i dzieci, charakteryzuje się często ciężkim przebiegiem, a do wywołania objawów nierzadko dochodzi na drodze powietrznopochodnej. Do najistotniejszych źródeł uczulenia na MI należą kosmetyki i farby. W odpowiedzi na narastający problem epidemii alergii kontaktowej na izotiazolinony opracowano rekomendacje sugerujące zakaz stosowania MI w kosmetykach typu "leave-on" oraz uznanie za dopuszczalne stężenia 15 ppm w produktach kosmetycznych "rinse-off". Zalecenia te prawdopodobnie zostaną wprowadzone w życie w 2014 r. Med. Pr. 2014;65(4):543-554 Słowa kluczowe: izotiazolinony, chlorometyloizotiazolinon, metyloizotiazolinon, alergia kontaktowa, epidemia Abstract Chloromethylisothiazolinone (MCI) and methylisothiazolinone (MI) have been widely used as preservatives in cosmetics, household products and industrial products since the late 1970s. First cases of contact allergy to the MCI/MI combination were noted in 1980-1982 in Sweden. Then, a significant increase in the frequency of sensitization to these compounds was observed in many European centers. The increase has been stopped by the introduction of legislation on their maximum concentrations in consumer and industrial products in Europe and in some non-European countries. But approval of the use of MI alone without limits in industrial products (from 2000) and at a maximum concentration of 100 ppm in cosmetics (from 2005) resulted in an unprecedented increase in the number of individuals sensitized to this compound. Allergic contact dermatitis due to MI occurs in both adults and children. It is often manifested by severe symptoms, which may be also induced by airborne exposure. The most important sources of sensitization include cosmetic products and paints. To counteract the increasing problem of contact allergy epidemic to MI, the recommendations have been developed, suggesting the ban on the use of MI in "leave-on" cosmetics and maximum concentration of 15 ppm in "rinse-off" products. These recommendations are likely to be implemented in 2014. Med Pr 2014;65 (4) WSTĘPZwiązki o właściwościach konserwujący...

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An epidemic of contact allergy to methylisothiazolinone in Finland

Cited by 42 publications

References 3 publications

Dermatite de Contacto Alérgica em Profissionais de Saúde

Dermatite de Contacto Alérgica em Profissionais de Saúde

Contact Allergy to Preservatives—Is the European Commission a Commendable Risk Manager?

ISOTHIAZOLINONES AS CAUSAL FACTORS OF CONTACT ALLERGY EPIDEMICS IN THE 20th AND 21st CENTURIES

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