An Epidemic of Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis in Japan: Isolation of the Virus

Konishi, Misako; Tsuduku, Satoko; Haritani, Makoto; Murakami, Kenji; Tsuboi, T.; Kobayashi, C; Yoshikawa, Keiichi; Kimura, Kumiko; Sentsui, Hiroshi

doi:10.1292/jvms.66.911

Cited by 28 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…High magnification of virions (C) showed the ultrastructure of the smooth antigenic external surface of virions, and budding-like virions with stalklike structure from the surface of the syncytium were examined (D) (arrow; bar = 100 nm., 40,000× magnification). (6,15,23,24). Therefore, it was again confirmed that our primary goat synovial cells and cultivating system were appropriate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The suspension was centrifuged at 2000 rpm at 5 °C for 20 min. The mononuclear cells were separated as an obvious thin white layer above the red 6 cell/mL of isolated mononuclear cells per flask were resuspended in the medium for their differentiation to macrophages at 37 °C and 5% CO 2 for 7 days. The medium contained RPMI 1640 supplemented with L-glutamine (2 mM), gentamicin (50 µg/ml.…”

Section: Mononuclear Cell (Monocyte) Isolation and Cultivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cocultivation of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus-infected macrophages with primary goat synovial cells

Panneum¹,

Chumsing²,

Rukkwamsuk³

2017

Turk J Vet Anim Sci

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Primary goat synovial cells were developed to be cocultivated with caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV)-infected monocytes. Two CAEV-seropositive goats and one CAEV-seronegative goat were confirmed for viral particles in the blood using the PCR method. Thereafter, heparinized blood samples from the three goats were collected and isolated for monocytes, which were further cultivated to differentiate into macrophages. Cultivated macrophages of 7-10 days old were cocultivated with the primary goat synovial cells for 7 days. Microscopic examination was performed every 2 days for multinucleated syncytial formation, and immunofluorescence assay was applied using monoclonal antibody against CAEV on day 7 to detect viral particles. Results showed that the primary goat synovial cells cultivated with CAEV-infected macrophages from the two seropositive goats had multinucleated syncytial formation with positive immunofluorescence, while the cocultured macrophages from the seronegative goats showed normal appearance with negative immunofluorescence. The multinucleated syncytial cells were prepared for transmission electron microscope examination and the results indicated that CAEV particles were clearly identified. In conclusion, our developed primary goat synovial cells and the cultivating system were proven to be an appropriate isolation assay for CAEV, which was the first report of cultivation and isolation of CAEV in goats in Thailand.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mononuclear Cell (Monocyte) Isolation and Cultivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cocultivation of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus-infected macrophages with primary goat synovial cells

Panneum¹,

Chumsing²,

Rukkwamsuk³

2017

Turk J Vet Anim Sci

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“…Live animal trading across national boundaries is considered an important cause of horizontal CAEV transmission, whilst ingestion of colostrums and milk represent important causes of transmission from mother to offspring [3,4]. In 2002, CAEV was identified in Japan [10]. Infected goats develop anti-CAEV antibodies and develop a persistent, lifelong infection.…”

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confidence: 99%

Large-Scale Serological Survey of Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis Virus (CAEV) in Korean Black Goats (<i>Capra hircus aegagrus</i>)

Oem

Chung

Byun

et al. 2012

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. A national serological survey of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) infection was conducted using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and an agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test. A total of 658 black goats of various breeds were sampled from 59 farms in three regions of Korea. The CAEV-positive goats were predominantly detected in the Southern region (n=17) as compared with the Northern (n=1) and Central regions (n=0) (χ 2 =6.26, P=0.044). Among 658 goats tested, 18 were positive in both ELISA and AGID, indicating a CAEV prevalence of 2.73% (95% confidence interval: 1. 74-4.28 Caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) belongs to the genus lentivirus, family Retroviridae. CAEV is a persistent disease in goats characterized by polyarthritis, mastitis and pneumonia in adults and leukoencephalomyelitis in kids [4,6]. CAEV has been reported in most goat-rearing countries [1,13]. Live animal trading across national boundaries is considered an important cause of horizontal CAEV transmission, whilst ingestion of colostrums and milk represent important causes of transmission from mother to offspring [3,4]. In 2002, CAEV was identified in Japan [10]. Infected goats develop anti-CAEV antibodies and develop a persistent, lifelong infection. Korea was considered free from CAEV; however, CAEV RNA was detected in Korean dairy goats in 2008 [12], and an outbreak of CAEV was reported on a Korean goat farm in 2010 [14].The period between CAEV infection and the detection of antibodies and onset of clinical signs may vary from months to years [3]. Several diagnostic techniques are used to detect CAEV infections. These are based on the detection of either antibodies or virus [9]. Virus isolation and cell culture detection techniques have been used but cannot be extensively applied, as specific cell types are replicationrestrictive to particular strains [15] and CAEV heterogeneity and low viral loads have hampered the use of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as a reference technique. In addition, positive PCR results have been obtained in some seronegative animals [9]. Thus, the diagnosis of infection is typically performed by serological testing [9] including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), and agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) tests, with PCR used to complement serological methods. ELISA represents a more sensitive technique than AGID testing for the detection of CAEV antibodies. Western blotting, radioimmunoassay, and radioimmunoprecipitation are also used as supplementary tests to discriminate for indeterminate results obtained from screening assays.In Korea, the black goat population contains approximately 266,000 animals distributed in 21,000 herds [11]. Approximately 55% of the total goat population lives in the Southern region. Relatively low populations have been recorded in the Northern and Central regions. Although regional serological and virological investigations in dairy goats have been performed [12], no large-scale serological survey has been reported in Korean black goats. I...

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“…At present in Japan, only Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis virus, Scrapie and Visna Maedi have been examined in small ruminant populations, having recently been the subject of epidemiological studies [10,12,13,16,Giangaspero et al,unpublished]. No previous epidemiological surveys on BDV have been undertaken in small ruminants in Japan.…”

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confidence: 99%

Epidemiological Survey of Border Disease Virus among Sheep from Northern Districts of Japan

Giangaspero

Ibata²,

Savini

et al. 2011

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. The first epidemiological survey of Border disease virus (BDV) was undertaken in small ruminants in Japan. Ovine sera, collected from the northern prefectures of Hokkaido, Aomori and Iwate, were examined for the presence of antibodies against BDV using the neutralization peroxidase-linked antibody test. Twenty-nine (17.6%) of one hundred and sixty-five samples were seropositive for BDV. Results were specific, excluding cross-reactions with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). Only one sample (0.6%) was positive for BVDV, and was negative for BDV. Despite serological evidence of virus circulation, there have been no clinical cases of border disease in sheep in Japan. Although no diagnostic measures were performed, the infection did not appear to be associated with a reduction in ewe fertility nor with lamb mortality.

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An Epidemic of Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis in Japan: Isolation of the Virus

Cited by 28 publications

References 18 publications

Cocultivation of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus-infected macrophages with primary goat synovial cells

Cocultivation of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus-infected macrophages with primary goat synovial cells

Large-Scale Serological Survey of Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis Virus (CAEV) in Korean Black Goats (<i>Capra hircus aegagrus</i>)

Epidemiological Survey of Border Disease Virus among Sheep from Northern Districts of Japan

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