An Enzymatic Deantigenation Process Allows Achieving Physiological Remodeling and Even Osteopromoting Bone Grafting Materials

Pagnutti, Stefano; Maggi, Sergio P.; Stefano, Danilo Alessio Di; Ludovichetti, Maurizio

doi:10.1080/13102818.2007.10817500

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…24 However its substitution with a natural bone-derived particulate may ease the cell-substrate recognition and matrix deposition, since it provides a naturally microstructured scaffold, a well-known requirement for proper matrix deposition. 25 The nowadays accessible equine raw material and a patented deantigenation process 11 render this substitution feasible and economically sustainable, and we adopted this solution in our bone fillers. In order to achieve malleability and proper direct contact with the bone lesion boundaries, binders or gels are also added to putty preparations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 Xenografts represent a theoretically unlimited supply of available materials if they can be processed for a safe trans-plantation in humans. 10,11 They are obtained at competitive costs, they show osteoinductive/conductive properties, and can be developed to mimic the physical and mechanical nature of human tissue to be substituted. 12 Xenogeneic bone substitutes, such as equine-derived biomaterials, can be manufactured to reproduce the three-dimensional characteristic of the autologous tissue while sustaining cell proliferation onto the construct.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12 Xenogeneic bone substitutes, such as equine-derived biomaterials, can be manufactured to reproduce the three-dimensional characteristic of the autologous tissue while sustaining cell proliferation onto the construct. 11 It is also worth noting that the putative threats posed by transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, in this respect, do not represent an issue, due to the chemical stability of equine prions. 13 Nonetheless, the complete absence of potential immunogenicity of xenogeneic materials in humans has to be carefully examined; for this reason specific guidelines (ISO 10993) must be accounted for prior to the applicative use of these materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rheological properties, biocompatibility and in vivo performance of new hydrogel-based bone fillers

et al. 2016

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Three different heterologous substitutes for bone regeneration, manufactured with equine-derived cortical powder (CP), cancellous chips (CC) and demineralized bone matrix granules (DBM), were compared in in vitro and in vivo settings. We tested: a commercially available bone paste (Osteoplant-Activagen™, consisting of aqueous collagenous carrier, CP, DBM; named A); a second-generation injectable paste (20 kDa polyethylene glycol/hydroxypropyl-methyl cellulose-based hydrogel, CP, DBM; B); a pre-formed bone filler (400 kDa polyethylene oxide/hydroxypropyl-methyl cellulose-based hydrogel, CP, CC, DBM; C). Vitamin C acted as a visco-modulator during C and B β-rays sterilization, modifying graft injectability. For each filler, we examined dissolution in culture medium, gene expression of the substitute-exposed osteogenically-induced human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSC), and performance in a rabbit bone defect model. A dissolved after 1 h, while fragmentation of B peaked after 8 h. C remained unaltered for 2 days, but affected the microenvironmental pH, slowing the proliferation of exposed cells. B-exposed hBMSC overexpressed bone sialoprotein, osteocalcin and RUNX2. For all fillers histological results evidenced bridged lesion margins, marrow replenishment and bone-remodeling. However, B-treated lesions displayed a metachromatic type II collagen-rich matrix with prehypertrophic-like cells, matching the in vitro expression of cartilage-specific markers, and suggesting a possible application of B/C double-layer monolithic osteochondral plugs for full-thickness articular defects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rheological properties, biocompatibility and in vivo performance of new hydrogel-based bone fillers

et al. 2016

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“…In a recent clinical study, unchanged bovine bone particles integrated with the regenerated bone were identified 11 years after sinus floor augmentation [9]. To overcome this limitation, recent studies showed that a biologic deantigenation by a proteolytic process through digestive enzymes could leave unaltered the ability of the biomaterial to be reabsorbed in vivo [30]. Despite the advantages of such proteolytic process, more studies are required until it becomes routinely applied.…”

Section: Bovine-derived Bonementioning

confidence: 99%

Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives of Bone Replacement Grafts

Kassir¹,

Chakar²

2018

IAJD

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Bone and periodontal regenerative procedures represent a fundamental component of periodontal practice. While autologous bone graft has always been considered the ideal material for the repair and/or reconstruction of craniofacial defects, its limited availability and harvesting-associated complications and discomfort lead to a substantial interest in bone replacement grafts (BRG) throughout the years. With increasing technological advances and understanding, the spectrum of BRG has broadened and taking into consideration that not all BRM perform in the same way, the appropriate clinical choice needs to be performed among the large varieties of available biomaterials. Because an understanding of the properties of each BRG enables individualized clinical selection, the objective of this article is to provide a review on the different types of BRG intended for reconstructive therapy and provide an overview on the current innovations and future perspectives in this field.

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“…On the contrary, equine-derived bone substitutes are deantigenated by a proteolytic process through digestive enzymes at about 37°C, selective for the organic component, which leaves unaltered the ability of the biomaterial to be reabsorbed in vivo. 19 The host tissue response to a bone substitute may be evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis for the expression of molecules specifically involved in the bone healing process. 11 In this process, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays an important role.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%