An Environmental and Technical Evaluation of Vacuum-Based Thin Film Technologies: Lithium Niobate Coated Cathode Active Material for Use in All-Solid-State Battery Cells

Wolff, Deidre; Weber, Svenja; Graumann, Tobias; Zebrowski, Stefan; Mainusch, Nils; Dilger, Nikolas; Cerdas, Felipe; Zellmer, Sabrina

doi:10.3390/en16031278

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Amorphous thin films can be produced by sputter-deposition as described in this work. A recent article [48] describe coating methodologies of powdered LIB active materials with special emphasis on atomic layer deposition and chemical layer deposition of LiNbO 3 films on NMC particles. Further synthesis processes for Li-Nb-O entities used in LIB electrodes and their morphologies are described in the next subsections, where the use of Li-Nb-O as a negative electrode active material and as a negative or positive electrode coating layer is reviewed.…”

Section: Review On Lithium Niobate For Fast Cycling In Libs 21 Some B...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithium Niobate for Fast Cycling in Li-ion Batteries: Review and New Experimental Results

et al. 2023

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Li-Nb-O-based insertion layers between electrodes and electrolytes of Li-ion batteries (LIBs) are known to protect the electrodes and electrolytes from unwanted reactions and to enhance Li transport across interfaces. An improved operation of LIBs, including all-solid-state LIBs, is reached with Li-Nb-O-based insertion layers. This work reviews the suitability of polymorphic Li-Nb-O-based compounds (e.g., crystalline, amorphous, and mesoporous bulk materials and films produced by various methodologies) for LIB operation. The literature survey on the benefits of niobium-oxide-based materials for LIBs, and additional experimental results obtained from neutron scattering and electrochemical experiments on amorphous LiNbO3 films are the focus of the present work. Neutron reflectometry reveals a higher porosity in ion-beam sputtered amorphous LiNbO3 films (22% free volume) than in other metal oxide films such as amorphous LiAlO2 (8% free volume). The higher porosity explains the higher Li diffusivity reported in the literature for amorphous LiNbO3 films compared to other similar Li-metal oxides. The higher porosity is interpreted to be the reason for the better suitability of LiNbO3 compared to other metal oxides for improved LIB operation. New results are presented on gravimetric and volumetric capacity, potential-resolved Li+ uptake and release, pseudo-capacitive fractions, and Li diffusivities determined electrochemically during long-term cycling of LiNbO3 film electrodes with thicknesses between 14 and 150 nm. The films allow long-term cycling even for fast cycling with rates of 240C possessing reversible capacities as high as 600 mAhg−1. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) shows that the film atomic network is stable during cycling. The Li diffusivity estimated from the rate capability experiments is considerably lower than that obtained by EIS but coincides with that from secondary ion mass spectrometry. The mostly pseudo-capacitive behavior of the LiNbO3 films explains their ability of fast cycling. The results anticipate that amorphous LiNbO3 layers also contribute to the capacity of positive (LiNixMnyCozO2, NMC) and negative LIB electrode materials such as carbon and silicon. As an outlook, in addition to surface-engineering, the bulk-engineering of LIB electrodes may be possible with amorphous and porous LiNbO3 for fast cycling with high reversible capacity.

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Section: Review On Lithium Niobate For Fast Cycling In Libs 21 Some B...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithium Niobate for Fast Cycling in Li-ion Batteries: Review and New Experimental Results

et al. 2023

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“…ALD, in particular, offers precise control over the thickness and composition of the coatings, enabling uniform coverage of the cathode active material (CAM) at the nanoscale. This uniformity is crucial in reducing the cathode-electrolyte interfacial resistance and in protecting the cathode material from direct contact with the solid electrolyte, thereby mitigating undesirable side reactions [72]. The use of lithium niobate coatings, for instance, has demonstrated improvements in structural stability and ion transport at the cathode interface, which are pivotal for enhancing the rate capability and cycle life of NCM811-based ASSBs [72].…”

Section: Future Directions In Ssb Cathode Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Next Frontier in Energy Storage: A Game-Changing Guide to Advances in Solid-State Battery Cathodes

Machín,

Márquez

2023

Batteries

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As global energy priorities shift toward sustainable alternatives, the need for innovative energy storage solutions becomes increasingly crucial. In this landscape, solid-state batteries (SSBs) emerge as a leading contender, offering a significant upgrade over conventional lithium-ion batteries in terms of energy density, safety, and lifespan. This review provides a thorough exploration of SSBs, with a focus on both traditional and emerging cathode materials like lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2), lithium manganese oxide (LiMn2O4), lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4), as well as novel sulfides and oxides. The compatibility of these materials with solid electrolytes and their respective benefits and limitations are extensively discussed. The review delves into the structural optimization of cathode materials, covering strategies such as nanostructuring, surface coatings, and composite formulations. These are critical in addressing issues like conductivity limitations and structural vulnerabilities. We also scrutinize the essential roles of electrical and thermal properties in maintaining battery safety and performance. To conclude, our analysis highlights the revolutionary role of SSBs in the future of energy storage. While substantial advancements have been made, the path forward presents numerous challenges and research opportunities. This review not only acknowledges these challenges, but also points out the need for scalable manufacturing approaches and a deeper understanding of electrode–electrolyte interactions. It aims to steer the scientific community toward addressing these challenges and advancing the field of SSBs, thereby contributing significantly to the development of environmentally friendly energy solutions.

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“…In this context, Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) and Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) have emerged as promising techniques. Specifically, these methods have been employed to coat NCM811 particles with lithium niobate, which has shown potential in enhancing the overall performance of ASSBs [72].…”

Section: Future Directions In Ssb Cathode Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Next Frontier in Energy Storage: A Game-Changing Guide to Advances in Solid-State Battery Cathodes

Machín,

Márquez

2023

Preprint

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As the global community shifts away from fossil fuels towards more environmentally friendly energy alternatives, there is an escalating demand for sophisticated energy storage solutions. Solid-State Batteries (SSBs) have emerged as a promising advancement, presenting a superior substitute to conventional lithium-ion batteries. This review provides an in-depth examination of SSBs, emphasizing their enhanced energy density, safety, and longevity. We evaluate conventional cathode materials, including lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2), lithium manganese oxide (LiMn2O4), and lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4). Additionally, we introduce emerging materials such as sulfides, oxides, and air-based cathodes, discussing their benefits, limitations, and their congruence with solid electrolytes. Special attention is devoted to the structural fine-tuning of cathode ma-terials, investigating approaches like nanostructuring, surface coatings, and composite strategies to counteract issues such as restricted conductivity and structural volatility. The review critically analyzes the electrical and thermal properties of these materials, which are essential for battery safety and efficacy. Moreover, we present a comparative assessment of cathode materials based on performance indicators and identify prevailing research voids and hurdles in the commerciali-zation of SSB cathodes. Concluding, we suggest prospective research directions and innovations, underscoring the revolutionary potential of SSB technologies in paving the way for a sustainable energy horizon.

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An Environmental and Technical Evaluation of Vacuum-Based Thin Film Technologies: Lithium Niobate Coated Cathode Active Material for Use in All-Solid-State Battery Cells

Cited by 5 publications

References 62 publications

Lithium Niobate for Fast Cycling in Li-ion Batteries: Review and New Experimental Results

Lithium Niobate for Fast Cycling in Li-ion Batteries: Review and New Experimental Results

The Next Frontier in Energy Storage: A Game-Changing Guide to Advances in Solid-State Battery Cathodes

The Next Frontier in Energy Storage: A Game-Changing Guide to Advances in Solid-State Battery Cathodes

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