An entropy model for Carreau nanofluid ciliary flow with electroosmosis and thermal radiations: A numerical study

Abstract

In order to localize heat production and drug activation, it is possible for drug delivery to make use of nanofluids containing thermal radiation. By limiting the amount of medication that is administered to healthy tissues, this approach increases drug distribution. We explore the effect that thermal radiation has on the flow of a ternary‐hybrid nanofluid composed of titanium oxide (TiO2), silica (SiO2), and aluminum oxide (AI2O3). The base liquid that we use for our Carreau constitutive model is blood. Entropy and electroosmosis are both taken into account when the conduit is connected to the battery terminals outside. Following the step of translating the observation model into a wave frame, the physical restrictions of the lubrication theory are used in order to provide a more complete explanation for the wave occurrences. In this work, shooting is used to simulate boundary value issues that are solved with Mathematica NDSolve. The production of the least amount of entropy and a rise in thermodynamic efficiency are achieved by the motion of cilia and elastic electroosmotic pumping. It is also observed that heat transfer is proportional to the length of cilia. Nusselt number is increased by large cilia but skin friction got a reduction.

Entropy generation in a ciliary flow of an Eyring–Powell ternary hybrid nanofluid through a channel with electroosmosis and mixed convection

“…For comparison of the current work with that of Alharbi et al. [64], Table 2 clarifies that the data of velocity profile are closely matching with that of [64] as a limiting case of neglecting non‐Newtonian effects. Figures 2–6 show, respectively, the velocity, temperature, entropy, and the Bejan number.…”