An enhanced, near-term HCPB design as driver blanket for the EU DEMO

Hernández, Francisco A.; Pereslavtsev, P.; Zhou, Guangming; Neuberger, Heiko; Rey, J.; Kang, Qinlan; Boccaccini, L.V.; Bubelis, E.; Moscato, I.; Dongiovanni, Danilo Nicola

doi:10.1016/j.fusengdes.2019.02.037

Cited by 58 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In the case of outer-vessel sensors, it will be close to the vacuum vessel temperature, which will be approximately 200 • C [23]. In the case of inner-vessel sensors, the sensor temperature will be in the range of 300 to 520 • C [23,24]; the higher operating temperature compared to ITER exceeds the range of applicability of the bismuth sensors as bismuth melts at 271.4 • C. Therefore, several metal sensitive layers that can operate at these temperatures have been researched [22,23]. Gold-based Hall sensors for fusion reactor application were developed at the Magnetic sensor laboratory of Lviv Polytechnic National University in Ukraine (MSL) [25,26], and antimony-based Hall sensors operating up to a temperature of 550 • C were developed at IPP [27].…”

Section: Sensitive Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of outer-vessel sensors, it will be close to the vacuum vessel temperature, which will be approximately 200 °C [ 23 ]. In the case of inner-vessel sensors, the sensor temperature will be in the range of 300 to 520 °C [ 23 , 24 ]; the higher operating temperature compared to ITER exceeds the range of applicability of the bismuth sensors as bismuth melts at 271.4 °C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ceramic-Chromium Hall Sensors for Environments with High Temperatures and Neutron Radiation

Entler

Šobáň

Ďuran

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Ceramic-chromium Hall sensors represent a temperature and radiation resistant alternative to Hall sensors based on semiconductors. Demand for these sensors is presently motivated by the ITER and DEMO nuclear fusion projects. The developed ceramic-chromium Hall sensors were tested up to a temperature of 550 °C and a magnetic field of 14 T. The magnitude of the sensitivity of the tested sensor was 6.2 mV/A/T at 20 °C and 4.6 mV/A/T at 500 °C. The sensitivity was observed to be weakly dependent on a temperature above 240 °C with an average temperature coefficient of 0.014%/°C and independent of the magnetic field with a relative average deviation below the measurement accuracy of 0.086%. A simulation of a neutron-induced transmutation was performed to assess changes in the composition of the chromium. After 5.2 operational years of the DEMO fusion reactor, the transmuted fraction of the chromium sensitive layer was found to be 0.27% at the most exposed sensor location behind the divertor cassette with a neutron fluence of 6.08 × 1025 n/m2. The ceramic-chromium Hall sensors show the potential to be suitable magnetic sensors for environments with high temperatures and strong neutron radiation.

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Section: Sensitive Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ceramic-Chromium Hall Sensors for Environments with High Temperatures and Neutron Radiation

Entler

Šobáň

Ďuran

et al. 2021

Sensors

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“…For the simulations with the MCNP code, two DEMO blanket concepts were considered: HCPB [9] and WCLL [10]. Both concepts utilize the same DEMO Base line model 2017 [11] that serves as a common basis for the integration of the breeder blankets.…”

Section: Demo Neutronics Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The breeder blankets in both concepts utilize the same single module segmentation (SMS) technology involving the arrangement of one inboard (IB) and one and a half outboard (OB) blanket modules in the 11.25 • geometry segment. The current HCPB DEMO design implies the use of the mixed Li 4 SiO 4 plus 37 mol.% of Li 2 TiO 3 with 60% 6 Li enrichment breeder material [9]. The breeder ceramic is enclosed in radial breeder pins arranged in the hexagonal lattice.…”

Section: Demo Neutronics Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The nuclear data for n+ 6,7 Li and n+ 9 Be in modern nuclear data libraries, such as JEFF and TENDL, include many modifications and corrections because of the extreme complexity of such evaluations. The work was performed with the R-matrix theory including a processing of the available experimental data or with a Bayesian approach.…”

Section: Random Files For Lithium and Berylliummentioning

confidence: 99%

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Statistical Analysis of Tritium Breeding Ratio Deviations in the DEMO Due to Nuclear Data Uncertainties

et al. 2021

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For the stable and self-sufficient functioning of the DEMO fusion reactor, one of the most important parameters that must be demonstrated is the Tritium Breeding Ratio (TBR). The reliable assessment of the TBR with safety margins is a matter of fusion reactor viability. The uncertainty of the TBR in the neutronic simulations includes many different aspects such as the uncertainty due to the simplification of the geometry models used, the uncertainty of the reactor layout and the uncertainty introduced due to neutronic calculations. The last one can be reduced by applying high fidelity Monte Carlo simulations for TBR estimations. Nevertheless, these calculations have inherent statistical errors controlled by the number of neutron histories, straightforward for a quantity such as that of TBR underlying errors due to nuclear data uncertainties. In fact, every evaluated nuclear data file involved in the MCNP calculations can be replaced with the set of the random data files representing the particular deviation of the nuclear model parameters, each of them being correct and valid for applications. To account for the uncertainty of the nuclear model parameters introduced in the evaluated data file, a total Monte Carlo (TMC) method can be used to analyze the uncertainty of TBR owing to the nuclear data used for calculations. To this end, two 3D fully heterogeneous geometry models of the helium cooled pebble bed (HCPB) and water cooled lithium lead (WCLL) European DEMOs were utilized for the calculations of the TBR. The TMC calculations were performed, making use of the TENDL-2017 nuclear data library random files with high enough statistics providing a well-resolved Gaussian distribution of the TBR value. The assessment was done for the estimation of the TBR uncertainty due to the nuclear data for entire material compositions and for separate materials: structural, breeder and neutron multipliers. The overall TBR uncertainty for the nuclear data was estimated to be 3~4% for the HCPB and WCLL DEMOs, respectively.

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Neutronics assessment for Detailed Helium-Cooled And Water-Cooled DEMO Breeder Blanket Concepts

Breidokaité

Stankūnas

2023

J Fusion Energ

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An enhanced, near-term HCPB design as driver blanket for the EU DEMO

Cited by 58 publications

References 16 publications

Ceramic-Chromium Hall Sensors for Environments with High Temperatures and Neutron Radiation

Ceramic-Chromium Hall Sensors for Environments with High Temperatures and Neutron Radiation

Statistical Analysis of Tritium Breeding Ratio Deviations in the DEMO Due to Nuclear Data Uncertainties

Neutronics assessment for Detailed Helium-Cooled And Water-Cooled DEMO Breeder Blanket Concepts

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