An enhanced compost temperature sampling framework: Case study of a covered aerated static pile

Isobaev, Pulat; Bouferguène, Ahmed; Wichuk, Kristine; McCartney, Daryl

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2014.03.016

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In addition and in light of the absence of any standard in this respect (Wichuk and McCartney 2008;Isobaev et al 2014), it was deemed appropriate to record the temperature at four locations along the pile at 60, 120, 180, and 240 from the pile's end. At each of these locations, temperature was measured on a daily basis at three different points within the windrow at a depth of 40-50 cm into the compost mass.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating composting and co-composting kinetics of various agro-industrial wastes

Qdais

Al‐Widyan

2016

Int J Recycl Org Waste Agricult

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Purpose Agro-industrial wastes are posing serious challenges for the agro-industries. Composting and co-composting of such wastes will lead to converting such wastes into a useful product that will serve as a soil conditioner. The present research investigated the kinetics of composting and co-composting of several agro-industrial wastes. Methods Seven pilot scale composting and co-composting piles of substrates from grain dust (GD), coffee-processing waste (CPW) and olive mill waste (OMW) were tested. Temperature and moisture content of the piles were monitored during the composting process and adjusted whenever necessary. Results The biodegradation kinetics was found to be of first order for all composting and co-composting piles. As judged by the value of the reaction rate constant, and the temperature of the piles, the biodegradability of the grain dust was the highest among all composting piles, followed by the coffee-processing residue and finally the fresh olive mill waste. As for the co-composting, the highest degradability was noticed in the pile that was composed of grain dust and coffee-processing waste followed by that of grain dust mixed with dry olive mill waste, and then followed by coffee-processing waste and dry olive mill waste and finally by grain dust with fresh olive-processing waste. Conclusions Composting and co-composting of agro-industrial wastes is a low cost and an environmentally friendly waste management option for solving the problem of the disposal of such waste. The study revealed that all piles followed first-order kinetics with different biodegradability rates.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating composting and co-composting kinetics of various agro-industrial wastes

Qdais

Al‐Widyan

2016

Int J Recycl Org Waste Agricult

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“…In open windrows, this minimal temperature should be maintained for at least 15 consecutive days with a minimum of five turnings during the thermophilic phase (USEPA, 2003;Wichuk and McCartney, 2007). These guidelines correspond with the work of Isobaev et al (2014) who presented a statistical modeling based on temperature measurements in a covered aerated static pile of biosolids and wood chips. They estimated that following five turnings, the likelihood of every particle to be exposed to the required time and temperature conditions (≥55 • C for three consecutive days) was 98%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

A Combined Field–Lab Approach for Assessing Salmonella Infantis Persistence in Broiler Litter in a Stockpile and Composting Sleeve

Avidov

Varma

Saadi

et al. 2022

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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Broiler litter (BL) is often contaminated by a variety of zoonotic pathogens. This study attempts to assess the persistence of Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis (S. Infantis) in BL based on spatial and temporal variation of physicochemical properties in a stockpile and composting sleeve. A single trial of two pilot-scale setups, ~35 m3 each, included an open static pile (stockpile) and composting in a polyethylene sleeve with forced aeration. The initial water content was adjusted only for the sleeve (~50% w/w) as in a common composting practice. Both systems were monitored weekly and then biweekly during 2 months in 47–53 sampling points each on every campaign. Measurements included temperature, water content, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), gas-phase oxygen, and ammonia, and the collected data were used to construct multiple contour grid maps. Of the stockpile volume, 83, 71, and 62% did not reach the commonly required minimum temperature of 55°C for three consecutive days during the first, second, and third weeks, respectively. Oxygen levels showed a strong gradient across the stockpile, while anaerobic conditions prevailed in the core. Variation was also recorded within the sleeve, but due to the water content adjustment and active aeration, the conditions favored more intense degradation and higher temperatures. Combining the grid maps drawn in this study with decay rate constants recently published for S. Infantis in BL under 36 combinations of temperature, water content, and pH, we assessed the spatial persistence of S. Infantis in the stockpile and the sleeve. Temperature was shown as a major factor, while water content and pH had only a small effect, in the stockpile only. Co-correlations between temperature, water content, EC, and oxygen suggest that selected physicochemical properties may be sufficient for such assessments. Up to 3 weeks would be recommended to achieve 7–8 log10 reduction in Salmonella in a stockpile, while this would be fully achieved within 1 week in a sleeve. This approach of combining high-resolution spatial field sampling along with decay rates of pathogens under controlled lab conditions may improve quantitative microbial risk assessments and future regulations of manure utilization.

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“…Similarly, in their study on composting of municipal sewage sludge in open piles, Stegenta et al (2019) estimated that 69% of the pile volume did not reach a temperature of 60 • C within 7-8 weeks. Also, Isobaev et al (2014) showed that 24% of the temperature probes that were introduced randomly into a covered aerated static pile of biosolids, did not meet sanitation conditions within 4 weeks (55 • C for 3 days). Such studies emphasize that composting treatment may not ensure exposure of all particles to thermophilic temperatures and durations that are needed for pathogen elimination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Influencing the Persistence of Salmonella Infantis in Broiler Litter During Composting and Stabilization Processes and Following Soil Incorporation

Avidov

Varma

Saadi

et al. 2021

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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Broiler litter (BL), a by-product of broiler meat production, is frequently contaminated with Salmonella and other zoonotic pathogens. To ensure the safety of crop production chains and limit pathogen spread in the environment, a pre-treatment is desired before further agricultural utilization. The objective of this study was to characterize the effect of physico-chemical properties on Salmonella persistence in BL during composting and stabilization and following soil incorporation, toward optimization of the inactivation process. Thirty-six combinations of temperature (30, 40, 50, and 60°C), water content (40, 55, and 70%; w/w), and initial pH (6, 7, and 8.5) were employed in static lab vessels to study the persistence of Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis (S. Infantis; a multidrug-resistant strain) during incubation of artificially-inoculated BL. The effect of aeration was investigated in a composting simulator, with controlled heating and flow conditions. Temperature was found to be the main factor significantly influencing Salmonella decay rates, while water content and initial pH had a secondary level of influence with significant effects mainly at 30 and 40°C. Controlled simulations showed faster decay of Salmonella under anaerobic conditions at mesophilic temperatures (<45°C) and no effect of NH3 emissions. Re-wetting the BL at mesophilic temperatures resulted in Salmonella burst, and led to a higher tolerance of the pathogen at increased temperatures. Based on the decay rates measured under all temperature, water content, and pH conditions, it was estimated that the time required to achieve a 7 log10 reduction in Salmonella concentration, ranges between 13.7–27.2, 6.5–15.6, 1.2–4.7, and 1.3–1.5 days for 30, 40, 50, and 60°C, respectively. Inactivation of BL indigenous microbial population by autoclaving or addition of antibiotics to which the S. Infantis is resistant, resulted in augmentation of Salmonella multiplication. This suggests the presence of microbial antagonists in the BL, which inhibit the growth of the pathogen. Finally, Salmonella persisted over 90 days at 30°C in a Vertisol soil amended with inoculated BL, presumably due to reduced antagonistic activity compared to the BL alone. These findings are valuable for risk assessments and the formulation of guidelines for safe utilization of BL in agriculture.

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An enhanced compost temperature sampling framework: Case study of a covered aerated static pile

Cited by 11 publications

References 16 publications

Evaluating composting and co-composting kinetics of various agro-industrial wastes

Evaluating composting and co-composting kinetics of various agro-industrial wastes

A Combined Field–Lab Approach for Assessing Salmonella Infantis Persistence in Broiler Litter in a Stockpile and Composting Sleeve

Factors Influencing the Persistence of Salmonella Infantis in Broiler Litter During Composting and Stabilization Processes and Following Soil Incorporation

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