An ENG resonator-based microwave sensor for the characterization of aqueous glucose

Abstract

This work proposes a microwave filter with a notched frequency of transmission using an epsilon negative (ENG) unit-cell resonator as a sensor device. The device finds important application for the characterization of life-saving samples such as glucose. The ENG structure consists of two complementary geometries in the shape of ring and horn. The structure efficiently inhibits the incoming RF signal and creates a stopband resonance at 2.074 GHz. The printed circuit board of the layout was realized using FR-4 substrate of relative permittivity εr = 4.4, and height of 1.6 mm. It is experimentally seen that in the complementary area of horn and circular ring, the glucose sample perturbs the air–dielectric fringing fields which exist over the complementary area and modifies the frequency of stopband resonance. A change in sensor resonance was recorded and calibrated for different concentrations of glucose sample. The sensor exhibits a linear response for glucose concentration ranging from 20 to 100 mg ml−1 in the sensing area.

Metamaterial based a printed monopole antenna for sensing applications

“…Finally, the proposed sensor is compared to other published results in References in terms of F r , measurement error, structure type, and the distance between the sample and the sensor as listed in Table . It is found that the proposed sensor shows the minimum measurement error with a single port network and far away from the sample of 100 mm.…”

“…A partial ground plane of the monopole antenna is used to provide a constant electric flux for sensing in the far fields and/or near fields of the antenna as seen in Figure . The circuit design of the patch follows the concept of composite right/left‐handed MTM . The LH behavior is attributed to the induced capacitance and inductance effects from the integrated C int to the patch and via to the ground plane, respectively.…”

“…The circuit design of the patch follows the concept of composite right/left-handed MTM. 3 The LH behavior is attributed to the induced capacitance and inductance effects from the integrated C int to the patch and via to the ground plane, respectively. In Figure 1, fields impinging from fingers of the C int act as the sensing probes.…”

“…Hence, they received intensive interests in the research of biological detection . Nevertheless, printed antennas are susceptible to deterioration in their performance when a lossy object, dielectric or conductor, is placed in the near field of the antenna . Thus, a frequency resonance ( F r ) shift, polarization change, S 11 variation, and/or distortions in radiation patterns may be caused .…”

Design of an ELC resonator-based reusable RF microfluidic sensor for blood glucose estimation

“…are in use. Recently, microwave planar sensors based on metamaterial units such as split ring resonator (SRR) 26 , complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) 27 , open split ring resonator (OSRR) 28 , complementary electric LC (ELC) resonator 29 and epsilon negative (ENG) unit cell resonator 30 are gaining popularity for glucose sensing due to the enhanced sensitivity, low cost, compactness, and ease of manufacture and measurement.…”