An Energy Efficient Enhanced Dual-Fuzzy Logic Routing Protocol for Monitoring Activities of the Elderly Using Body Sensor Networks

Abstract

Wireless body area networks (WBANs) are an important application in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Specifically, in healthcare monitoring systems, it is important to screen the patient’s biometric signals. For example, the elderlies’ vital signs, such as ECG (Electrocardiogram), blood pressure, heart rate, and blood glucose, can be used as measures of their well-being and are all critically important for remote elderly care in tracking their physical and cognitive capabilities. Therefore, WBANs require higher energy efficiency and data transmission. This paper proposes a cluster-based routing protocol which is suitable for WBANs while analyzing energy efficiency issue in data transmission. Considering the importance of sensor nodes in a specific environment for improving the network’s lifetime, the protocol based on the LEACH (low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy) algorithm is proposed. Due to its avoidance of long-distance transmission, the clustering technique is an efficient algorithm for prolonging the lifetimes of sensor networks. Therefore, this paper suggests an enhanced LEACH-dual fuzzy logic (ELEACH-DFL) protocol based-on clustering for CH (cluster head) selection and cluster configuration in wireless sensor networks. The simulation and analysis results address that the enhanced algorithm reduces the energy consumption effectively and extends the lifespan of the entire network. For wired sensors, attaching sensors to the user may cause problems and inconvenience of mobility. This leads to the use of wireless sensors to proceed with body sensors, which should consider the problem of battery efficiency, which concerns the configuration of wireless sensors. The LEACH protocol is energy efficient until the first node dead is generated. However, there is a sharp drop in energy efficiency after that. The ELEACH-DFL protocol has the advantage of maintaining energy efficiency even after the first node dead is generated, with the utmost consideration being given to stability in consideration of cluster selection and cluster head selection. In a field of 50 × 50, the FND efficiency improvement rate of ELEACH-DFL versus LEACH protocol is approximately 32%. In addition, in a field of 50 × 150, the FND efficiency improvement rate of ELEACH-DFL versus LEACH protocol is approximately 159%.

Dissecting wireless body area networks routing protocols: Classification, comparative analysis, and research challenges

“…Besides, the author did not cover the security issues and body postures in routing decisions. In 2020, Park et al 82 suggested an improved version of the LEACH routing protocol by using the concept of clustering technique and dual fuzzy logic (ELEACH‐DFL). The battery level and local distance parameters are used as inputs for fuzzy logic and the node with the better remaining battery level and centrality is selected as a cluster head.…”

Energy-Resourceful Routing by Fuzzy Based Secured CH Clustering for Smart Dust

“…Clustering approach diminishes flooding in route innovation stage and expands routing approach [16]. The Low-Energy-Adaptive-Clustering-Hierarchy-(LEACH) approach arbitrarily decide CH and broadcast node responsibility to allocate smart dust node energy expenditure [17]. In Hybrid-Energy-Efficient-Distributed-(HEED) clustering approach to enlarge network life.…”

“…The characteristics of MWSN are quick exploitation, scalability, flexible, sturdiness and mobility [9]. Energy-resourceful routing is a resolution to amplify life of the MWSN [7], [8]. To establish energy related routing methodology in MWSN mobility and low resource are important factors to consider.…”

Electronic Solutions for Artificial Intelligence Healthcare

“…The suggested paper is related to the optimization of GAN, and it can be integrated into various systems by reducing cost and time. Sea Young Park, et al suggested "An Energy-Efficient Enhanced Dual-Fuzzy Logic Routing Protocol for Monitoring Activities of the Elderly Using Body Sensor Networks" [19]. The simulation and analysis results of this protocol revealed the reduction of the energy consumption effectively extending the lifespan of the entire network.…”

“…There are a total of twenty-five papers, including review papers and research papers. This Special Issue consists of seven review papers [2][3][4][5][6][7][8] and eighteen research papers [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26].…”