An Energy Efficient Adaptive Cooperative Routing Protocol for Underwater WSNs

Hafeez, Taimur; Javaid, Nadeem; Shakeel, Usman; Muhammad, .; Hussain, Sheraz; Maqsood, Hammad

doi:10.1109/bwcca.2015.91

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The scheme proposed in [14] is another cooperative fashion routing for underwater WSNs. Due to the division of the entire network into four equal regions, the scheme decreases the energy consumption and improves the network reliability.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cooperative and Delay Minimization Routing Schemes for Dense Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

et al. 2019

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Symmetry in nodes operation in underwater wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is crucial sothat nodes consume their energy in a balanced fashion. This prevents rapid death of nodes close towater surface and enhances network life span. Symmetry can be achieved by minimizing delay andensuring reliable packets delivery to sea surface. It is because delay minimization and reliability arevery important in underwaterWSNs. Particularly, in dense underworks, packets reliability is of seriousconcernwhen a large number of nodes advance packets. The packets collide and are lost. This inefficientlyconsumes energy and introduces extra delay as the lost packets are usually retransmitted. This is furtherworsened by adaptation of long routes by packets as the network size grows, as this increases the collisionprobability of packets. To cope with these issues, two routing schemes are designed for dense underwaterWSNs in this paper: delay minimization routing (DMR) and cooperative delay minimization routing(CoDMR). In the DMR scheme, the entire network is divided into four equal regions. The minor sinknodes are placed at center of each region, one in each of the four regions. Unlike the conventionalapproach, the placement of minor sink nodes in the network involves timer based operation and isindependent of the geographical knowledge of the position of every minor sink. All nodes havingphysical distance from sink lower than the communication range are able to broadcast packets directlyto the minor sink nodes, otherwise multi-hopping is used. Placement of the minor sinks in the fourregions of the network avoids packets delivery to water surface through long distancemulti-hopping,which minimizes delay and balances energy utilization. However, DMR is vulnerable to informationreliability due to single path routing. For reliability, CoDMR scheme is designed that adds reliabilityto DMR using cooperative routing. In CoDMR, a node having physical distance from the sink greaterthan its communication range, sends the information packets by utilizing cooperation with a singlerelay node. The destination and the relay nodes are chosen by considering the lowest physical distancewith respect to the desired minor sink node. The received packets at the destination node are merged byfixed ratio combining as a diversity technique. The physical distance computation is independent of thegeographical knowledge of nodes, unlike the geographical routing protocols. This makes the proposedschemes computationally efficient. Simulation shows that DMR and CoDMR algorithms outperformthe counterpart algorithms in terms of total energy cost, energy balancing, packet delivery ratio (PDR),latency, energy left in the battery and nodes depleted of battery power.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Technique Used Accomplishment Deficiency Year [14] Cooperative region region-based routing algorithm, destination, and and relay node are selected by taking the lowest depth and maximum residual energy information, use maximal ratio combination (MRC) technique for diversity.…”

Section: Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

Cooperative and Delay Minimization Routing Schemes for Dense Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

et al. 2019

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“…In [25], authors use that the two principle challenges are; radio waves can't function admirably in submerged condition and the second is that the acoustic correspondence is moderate. The proposed plot centers around area base collaboration.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Where a and b refer to ingestion and dissipating separately, estimated in m-1, and λ is the wavelength of signals in nm. Utilizing the co-productive of weakening Beer, s Law decide the construction of an acoustic signals for a separation d is given by [25]:…”

Section: B Absorption and Scattering Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dist-Coop: Distributed Cooperative Transmission in UWSNs using Optimization Congestion Control and Opportunistic Routing

Ali¹,

Shahid²,

Ahmed³

et al. 2018

ijacsa

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One of the real issues in UWSN is congestion control. The need is to plan an optimized congestion control scheme which enhances the network life time and in addition limits the usage of energy in data transmission from source to destination. In this paper, we propose a routing protocol called Dist-Coop in UWSN. Dist-Coop is a distributed cooperation based routing scheme which uses mechanism for optimized congestion control in noisy links of underwater environment. It is compact, energy proficient and high throughput opportunistic routing scheme for UWSN. In this proposed protocol architecture, we present congestion control with cooperative transmission of data packets utilizing relay sensors. The final objective is to enhance the network life time and forward information utilizing cooperation procedure, limiting energy consumption amid transmission of information. At destination node, combining strategy utilized is based on Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNRC). Simulation results of Dist-Coop scheme indicate better outcomes in terms of energy consumption, throughput and network lifetime in contrast with Co-UWSN and EH-UWSN routing protocols. Dist-Coop has expended substantially less energy and better throughput when contrasted with these protocols.

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“…In other words, utilizing the carrier sensing technique and keeping the CSI between all neighboring nodes up to date in the underwater channel are difficult. Until now, relevant research has taken into account such constraints to deal with several important issues such as cooperative signaling strategies [ 23 ], criteria for best cooperator selection [ 24 , 25 , 26 ] and cooperative routing protocols [ 27 , 28 ]. To the best of our knowledge, however, researchers have not yet actively examined the cooperative MAC protocol in the underwater channel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

UCMAC: A Cooperative MAC Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

Kim

Cho

2018

Sensors

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This paper proposes a cooperative medium access control (MAC) protocol for underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) named UCMAC, which fundamentally benefits from cooperative communication. In UCMAC, a source identifies cooperators and provides its destination with a list of the cooperators while also delineating their proximity to the destination. For erroneous reception of data packets, the destination then requests retransmission to the cooperators in a closest-one-first manner. A designated cooperator transmits the buffered data packet it has successfully overheard from the source or other cooperators. A signaling procedure and the various waiting times of the nodes are carefully designed to address the overheads that stem from cooperation. Through computer simulation, this paper evaluates UCMAC in terms of system throughput, latency, single-hop packet delivery ratio (PDR), and energy efficiency. The results show that UCMAC performs better than existing schemes, including MACA-U and CD-MACA.

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An Energy Efficient Adaptive Cooperative Routing Protocol for Underwater WSNs

Cited by 7 publications

References 19 publications

Cooperative and Delay Minimization Routing Schemes for Dense Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

Cooperative and Delay Minimization Routing Schemes for Dense Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

Dist-Coop: Distributed Cooperative Transmission in UWSNs using Optimization Congestion Control and Opportunistic Routing

UCMAC: A Cooperative MAC Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

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