An Energy Drink–Induced Manic Episode in an Adolescent

Quadri, Syed A.; Harding, Lisa; Lillig, Mathias

doi:10.4088/pcc.18l02318

Cited by 7 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…ED consumption is increasing constantly, and the consequent negative effects on the central nervous system (CNS) and cardiovascular system due to excessive caffeine and taurine are also on the rise, above all, among, adolescents [ 6 , 7 ]. Several articles reported the incidence of ED consumption and the occurrence of cerebral vasculopathy [ 8 ], acute mania [ 9 , 10 ], epileptic seizures [ 5 , 11 ], coronary artery vasospasm [ 12 ], and severe cardiac arrest or myocardial ischemia [ 13 , 14 ]. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine [ 15 ] illustrated a case report of a healthy adult man who had ischemic stroke and epileptic seizures after consuming EDs with alcohol.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Red Bull Consumption during Adolescence: Effect on Mesocortical and Mesolimbic Dopamine Transmission and Cardiovascular System in Adult Rats

et al. 2021

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Energy drinks are very popular nonalcoholic beverages among adolescents and young adults for their stimulant effects. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of repeated intraoral Red Bull (RB) infusion on dopamine transmission in the nucleus accumbens shell and core and in the medial prefrontal cortex and on cardiac contractility in adult rats exposed to chronic RB consumption. Rats were subjected to 4 weeks of RB voluntary consumption from adolescence to adulthood. Monitoring of in vivo dopamine was carried out by brain microdialysis. In vitro cardiac contractility was studied on biomechanical properties of isolated left-ventricular papillary muscle. The main finding of the study was that, in treated animals, RB increased shell dopamine via a nonadaptive mechanism, a pattern similar to that of drugs of abuse. No changes in isometric and isotonic mechanical parameters were associated with chronic RB consumption. However, a prolonged time to peak tension and half-time of relaxation and a slower peak rate of tension fall were observed in RB-treated rats. It is likely that RB treatment affects left-ventricular papillary muscle contraction. The neurochemical results here obtained can explain the addictive properties of RB, while the cardiovascular investigation findings suggest a hidden papillary contractility impairment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Red Bull Consumption during Adolescence: Effect on Mesocortical and Mesolimbic Dopamine Transmission and Cardiovascular System in Adult Rats

et al. 2021

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Other Substances

2021

The Maudsley Prescribing Guidelines in Psychiatry

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Caffeine is probably the most popular psychoactive substance in the world. Caffeine withdrawal can have a marked effect on mental and physical health. Caffeine competitively inhibits CYP1A2. Plasma levels of some drugs may be reduced if caffeine is withdrawn. In caffeine intoxication, these symptoms cause significant distress or impairment in social, occupational or other important areas of functioning and are not due to a general medical condition or better accounted for by another mental disorder. Caffeine cessation may be of benefit in clozapine‐resistant schizophrenia. Caffeine may induce intoxication which is characterised by psychomotor agitation and rambling speech. Nicotine is consumed by vaping or tobacco smoking. Some studies suggest that stopping smoking actually improves depression and anxiety. Patients with depression are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Parkinson's disease occurs less frequently in smokers than in non‐smokers and the onset of clinical symptoms is delayed.

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