An energy-aware dynamic RWA framework for next-generation wavelength-routed networks

A hybrid load-balancing and energy-aware RWA algorithm for telecommunication networks

“…Note that, since nodes in V can be either electronic routers equipped with energy-hungry switching fabrics or optical cross-connects, empowered by more energy-efficient matrices implemented by using MEMS or liquid-crystal on silicon (LCoS) devices, their energy scaling factors are different (we use the same values as [23]). Since no sleep mode is allowed for the optical amplifiers and they always operate on the entire band involved (e.g., the C-Band), they are not considered in the equation, being an invariant factor.…”

“…As for space complexity, the multigraph network representation employed by HyLERA requires less space with respect to the layered graph approach conventionally used in dynamic RWA algorithms [23]. Using up to λ wavelengths on each edge, the layered representation with C converter nodes will require λn + 2 nodes (λ layers, each dedicated to an individual wavelength, plus two additional nodes to serve as ingress and egress) and λm + 2λ + C · (λ − 1) edges (converters can be modeled by cross-layer edges that connect each layer to the λ adjacent layer -a wavelength conversion spanning multiple frequencies will thus entail many such edges in sequence), while the equivalent multigraph representation will require only n nodes and λm edges, thus notably reducing the space complexity.…”

“…In [23] the authors present a novel integrated RWA framework (GreenSpark) using the traditional balancing objectives together with energy-awareness in its decision process, also making use of green energy sources wherever possible. The effectiveness of the above approach and its impact on the power consumption and carbon footprint of telecommunication networks have been evaluated, showing very interesting results at the expense of a small increase in the computational complexity.…”

Joint overlay routing and relay assignment for green networks

“…To this end, the usage of renewable energy sources (such as solar panels and wind turbines) as opposed to traditional ones (such as coal and fuel) has gained importance [1]. These environmental concerns also have a technological aspect.…”

Energy-Efficient Lightpath Establishment in Backbone Optical Networks Based on Ant Colony Optimization

“…The main issue the current research confronts is the low lightpath reuse rate (directly correlated to the power consumption) of existing energy-efficient methods [4]- [6] for designing the virtual topology (set of lightpaths that fulfill logical connections between node-pairs), and the ability to effectively design the topology [7] with energy-efficiency as goal, either through off-line planning or during the on-line operation of a network. Power saving increases when the reuse rate gets higher, but this happens at the expense of the computational complexity.…”