An energy and exergy analysis of the supercritical water reforming of glycerol for power production

Ortiz, F.J. Gutiérrez; Ollero, P.; Serrera, A.; Galera, S.

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.09.058

Cited by 44 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In addition, reverse, as opposed to forward reaction is faster and therefore water equilibrium does not have any special role. By this reasoning and those suggested in references (Ferreira et al, 2010; Reddy et al, 2011; Royon et al, 2011; Ortiz et al, 2012; Menezes et al, 2013; Nanda et al, 2014b; Aghbashlo et al, 2018, 2019; Ammaji et al, 2018; Fatimah et al, 2019), water equilibrium is not reached nor is it considered necessary for this current proposed kinetic model. Since water is formed during the experimental reaction process, experimentally the effect of water has not been studied in the current work.…”

Section: Kinetic Modeling Of the Reaction Systemsupporting

confidence: 51%

Catalytic Activity and Kinetic Modeling of Various Modules HZMS-5 and Treated MCM-41 Catalysts, for the Liquid-Phase Ketalization of Glycerol With Acetone

Alsawalha

2019

Front. Chem.

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Studies of the Ketalization reaction using trivalent alcohol glycerol in combination with acetone and their kinetics modeling are still limited. The focus of this current study is an investigation into HZSM-5 with various silica to alumina molar ratios (M = 35, 90, and 160) for the reaction between glycerol and acetone. In addition, the influence of reaction temperatures (25, 50, and 60°C) on the rate of the reaction have also been considered. Additionally, this investigation established the rate law for all HZMS-5 models (M = 35, 90, and 160) which showed “n” order equals half while the activation energy was found to be 164.34 kJ mol−1 with a constant reaction rate of k0 = 5.2678*1028 (Concentration1/2. min-1). Furthermore, MCM-41 pure mesoporous materials were separately treated using various methods. The first involved treatment using Dichlorodimethylsilane MCM 41(TD) and later treatment of a pure sample with sulfuric acid MCM-41. The sulfated MCM-41 sample (MCM41-SU) showed that reaction order equals n = −1 and a rate constant of (k) = 3.9 × 102 (Concentration−2. min−1). A close correlation and agreement was found between the experimental modeling and the theory. Additionally, this current kinetic study showed that water production has no effect on the conversion activity within 10 min from the start of reaction. Besides, further kinetics investigations were performed to ascertain the estimated time for water production based on the conditions applied during the reaction system. It resulted in an average time of 3 min for equilibrium to be reached in the reaction system. It was found that the estimated reaction equilibrium time (teq) is within the range from zero to 10 min in agreement with the proposed kinetic model in this work. Finally, it was also observed that a low equilibrium conversion (XAeq) had been obtained in the present work about 0.42 (42%). At a reaction temperature of 60°C (333.15 K) and at one atmosphere, the acetone was shown to exert a vapor pressure of about 113.737 mm Hg. Hence, the overall order of the reaction was determined by the method of initial rates. Similarly, in order to ascertain the dispersion of aluminum, together with its distribution on the surface of a catalyst for a zeolite that has varying molar ratios of silica to alumina as is the case for example with ZSM-5 (35), a mathematical approach is proposed in this study for its calculation.

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Section: Kinetic Modeling Of the Reaction Systemsupporting

confidence: 51%

Catalytic Activity and Kinetic Modeling of Various Modules HZMS-5 and Treated MCM-41 Catalysts, for the Liquid-Phase Ketalization of Glycerol With Acetone

Alsawalha

2019

Front. Chem.

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“…A higher acetone content will increase the conversion of glycerol [24,70]. However, an increase of the acetone to glycerol ratio will increase the exergy destruction rate due to a reduction in the rate of formation toward the product and a higher consumption of electrical exergy to the acetalization reactor [20,[71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80].…”

Section: Perspective On Ketalization Of Glycerol Over Hierarchical Zementioning

confidence: 99%

Glycerol to Solketal for Fuel Additive: Recent Progress in Heterogeneous Catalysts

et al. 2019

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Biodiesel has been successfully commercialized in numerous countries. Glycerol, as a byproduct in biodiesel production plant, has been explored recently for fuel additive production. One of the most prospective fuel additives is solketal, which is produced from glycerol and acetone via an acetalization reaction. This manuscript reviewed recent progress on heterogeneous catalysts used in the exploratory stage of glycerol conversion to solketal. The effects of acidity strength, hydrophobicity, confinement effect, and others are discussed to find the most critical parameters to design better catalysts for solketal production. Among the heterogeneous catalysts, resins, hierarchical zeolites, mesoporous silica materials, and clays have been explored as effective catalysts for acetalization of glycerol. Challenges with each popular catalytic material are elaborated. Future works on glycerol to solketal will be improved by considering the stability of the catalysts in the presence of water as a byproduct. The presence of water and salt in the feed is certainly destructive to the activity and the stability of the catalysts.

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“…Alternative techniques like the combination of electrolysis with sustainable technologies (such as solar energy, nuclear power, photovoltaics and others) incur greater costs owing to their substantial electricity usage. 61 Consequently, the cost of production hydrogen resulting from these processes may be contingent upon the electricity cost per kWh. The Cu-Cl hydrogen production cycle is an innovative method that leverages the recycling of industrial waste along with the utilization of exhaust HCl to generate hydrogen.…”

Section: Economic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Techno‐economic viability analysis of a downdraft gasification system for hydrogen production from date molasses waste in Iraq

Malik Abbas,

Dakhel Alhassany,

Vera

et al. 2023

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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In the current study, a fixed‐bed downdraft gasifier was used, in addition to gas cleaning and treatment units, to evaluate hydrogen production from the waste from a date molasses factory. Date pits and pomace were gasified at a temperature of 800°C with oxygen‐rich air and standard air as the gasifying agents. Simulations were performed using the Cycle‐Tempo simulation tool. The impact of many process parameters (air–fuel ratio, gasification temperature, moisture content, oxygen concentration and temperature of the water–gas shift) on gas composition was investigated. The economic evaluation of hydrogen production is also discussed in this paper. Depending on the operating conditions, the results indicate that gasification of biomass in oxygen‐rich air improves hydrogen yield compared with air gasification of biomass. Over the range of operating conditions examined, the maximum hydrogen production reached 45.86% for pits and 35.81% for pomace from gasification with oxygen‐rich air while the H2 content reached 36.71 and 28.72% respectively for air gasification of pits and pomace. The cost analysis for the date waste gasification unit showed that the hydrogen production cost is $3/kg for date pits and $4/kg for pomace. The production of hydrogen from date molasses manufacturing waste helps to lessen reliance on fossil fuels and is an environmentally beneficial alternative source of renewable energy.

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An energy and exergy analysis of the supercritical water reforming of glycerol for power production

Cited by 44 publications

References 21 publications

Catalytic Activity and Kinetic Modeling of Various Modules HZMS-5 and Treated MCM-41 Catalysts, for the Liquid-Phase Ketalization of Glycerol With Acetone

Catalytic Activity and Kinetic Modeling of Various Modules HZMS-5 and Treated MCM-41 Catalysts, for the Liquid-Phase Ketalization of Glycerol With Acetone

Glycerol to Solketal for Fuel Additive: Recent Progress in Heterogeneous Catalysts

Techno‐economic viability analysis of a downdraft gasification system for hydrogen production from date molasses waste in Iraq

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