An endoplasmic reticulum-targeting and ratiometric fluorescent probe for hypochlorous acid in living cells based on a 1,8-naphthalimide derivative

Abstract

As a key reactive oxygen species (ROS), hypochlorous acid (HClO) plays a vital role in living system. The ratiometric and endoplasmic reticulum-targeting probes for the high sensitive detection of hypochlorous...

A Highly Selective Fluorescent Probe for Hypochlorous Acid in Living Cells Based on a Naphthalene Derivative

“…Singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) was yielded by the reaction of 1 mM ClO − with 200 μ M H 2 O 2 . Peroxynitrite (ONOO − ) solution was prepared by the reaction of H 2 O 2 and NaNO 2 , and its concentration was assessed from absorption at λ = 302 nm ( ɛ = 1670 L·mol −1 ·cm −1 ) [ 40 ]. Unless otherwise specified, all other chemical reagents were of analytical purity, obtained from commercial suppliers and used without further purification.…”

“…Water was purified by the SZ-93 automatic double pure water distiller (Shanghai Yarong Biochemical Instrument Factory) and used for the preparation of all aqueous solutions. HOCl was standardized at pH 12 ( ɛ 292 nm = 350 L·mol −1 ·cm −1 ) [ 40 ].…”

“…The design strategy of most HOCl fluorescent probes was based on the specific reaction between the recognition group and HOCl, thereby producing a strong fluorescent product. These HOCl recognition groups included p -methoxyphenol [ 19 ], p -aminophenyl ether [ 20 , 21 ], thioether [ 22 – 24 ], thioester [ 25 , 26 ], hydrazide [ 27 – 29 ], rhodamine hydroxamic acid [ 30 ], selenide [ 31 , 32 ], unsaturated C = C [ 33 – 35 ], oxime [ 36 , 37 ], thiocarbamate [ 38 , 39 ], and others [ 40 ]. These specific reactions could effectively distinguish HOCl from other ROS.…”

“…These specific reactions could effectively distinguish HOCl from other ROS. However, some of these HOCl fluorescent probes had some limitations for the detection of real samples such as relatively slow response time [ 27 , 40 ] and comparatively low sensitivity [ 31 , 36 ]. Thus, it was still desirable that a new HOCl fluorescent probe possessed rapid response time and high sensitivity.…”

Recent progress in small-molecule fluorescent probes for endoplasmic reticulum imaging in biological systems

“…6), for HClO in living cells. 79 This probe employed 2-aminoethyl thiourea group as the specific recognition unit. Without HClO, the probe displayed the ICT process and showed green emission at 533 nm.…”