An endophytic Schizophyllum commune possessing antioxidant activity exhibits genoprotective and organprotective effects in fresh water fish Channa punctatus exposed to bisphenol A

Abstract

Background Oxidative stress is responsible for the onset of several chronic and degenerative diseases. Exogenous supply of antioxidants is reported to neutralize the effects of oxidative stress. Several synthetic antioxidants suffer from various side effects which necessitates the exploration of antioxidant compounds from natural sources. Endophytic fungi residing in the plants are gaining the attention of researchers as a source of novel antioxidants. Majority of the research conducted so far on endophytic fungi has been restricted to the members of phylum ascomycota. Basidiomycota, inspite of their immense bioactive potential remain relatively unexploited. This study aimed to assess the ameliorative effects of an endophytic Schizophyllum commune (basidiomycetous fungus) against oxidative stress associated altered antioxidant levels, genotoxicity and cellular damage to different organs in bisphenol A exposed fresh water fish Channa punctatus. Results Good antioxidant and genoprotective potential was exhibited by S. commune extract in in vitro studies conducted using different antioxidant, DNA damage protection, and cytokinesis blocked micronuclei assays. In vivo studies were performed in fresh water fish Channa punctatus exposed to bisphenol A. A significant decrease in the considered parameters for DNA damage (% micronuclei and comet assay) were recorded in fish treated with S. commune extract on comparison with untreated bisphenol A exposed group. The S. commune extract treated fish also exhibited an increase in the level of antioxidant enzymes viz. catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase as well as histoprotective effect on various organs. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 3-n-propyl-2,4-pentanedione, n-heptadecanol-1, trans-geranylgeraniol, 3-ethyl-2-pentadecanone, 1-heneicosanol and squalene as some of the compounds in S. commune extract. Conclusion The study highlights the significance of an endophytic basidiomycetous fungus S. commune as a source of antioxidant compounds with possible therapeutic potential.

Evaluating the Biocontrol Efficacy and Antioxidant Potential of Phellinus caribaeo‐quercicola—A First Report Dual‐Action Endophyte From Inula racemosa Hook. F.

“…Additionally, the fungal basidiomycete Granulobasidium vellereum , a wood endophytic fungus, possesses antifungal activity against wood decay fungi owing to its variety of sesquiterpenes [44]. Moreover, the antioxidant properties of the endophytic fungus P. caribaeo quercicola align with those found in Phellinus merrillii reported by Chang et al [45] Another basidiomycete fungal endophyte, Schizophyllum commune is reported to have good antioxidant potential [46]. As such, additional research will be needed to extract the bioactive substances from the endophytic isolate of P. caribaeo‐quercicola and examine the activities of those compounds on the host and other plants especially crop plants as well as in the commercial industry.…”

Antioxidant and chemoprotective potential of Streptomyces levis strain isolated from human gut

“…ROS are unstable, reactive, partially reduced oxygen derivatives produced as byproduct of normal metabolic processes.They include hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), superoxide anion (O 2 · − ), singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ), and hydroxyl radical ( · OH), that act as secondary messengers in cell signaling, also required for various biological processes in both normal and cancer cells (Yang et al 2018 ). In response to oxidative stress, the human body has antioxidant mechanisms that play important role in neutralization of free radicals and detoxification of oxidative stress damage (Sharma et al 2022 ). A variety of plants and microbes have been reported to exhibit antioxidant activities (Djebbah et al 2022 ).…”