An Empirical Test of the Utility of the Observations-To-Variables Ratio in Factor and Components Analysis

Arrindell, Willem A.; Ende, Jan van der

doi:10.1177/014662168500900205

Cited by 437 publications

(275 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Principal axis factoring analyses were only conducted for the RHS-15 and RHS-13 self-rating versions because the subject-to-variable ratio of the RHS self-rating (5.73:1) is adequate, however, it is deficient for the RHS interview version (3.73:1; Arrindell & Van Der Ende, 1985). We used Kaiser’s eigenvalue (EV) criterion (>1), the scree plot, and parallel analysis (Patil, Singh, Mishra, & Donavan, 2007) to determine the factor structure.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient identification of mental health problems in refugees in Germany: the Refugee Health Screener

Kaltenbach

Härdtner

Hermenau

et al. 2017

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: A substantial number of refugees present with mental disorders. This appears particularly acute in the currently increasing refugee populations in Europe. Although EU guidelines demand the identification and support of vulnerable individuals such as survivors of trauma, no adequately validated and comprehensive mental health screening instruments for refugees residing in Europe currently exist. Objective: We studied the feasibility, validity, and reliability of the Refugee Health Screener-15 (RHS-15) – a time-efficient and easy-to-implement screening developed by Hollifield et al. (2013) – as a self-rating and interview instrument. Methods: A sample of refugees from different countries (N = 86), representative of those who had arrived around the turn of the year 2015/2016 in Germany, filled in the RHS-15 on their own. A semi-structured clinical interview was later conducted with a random subsample (n = 56). Results: Fifty-two percent of the refugees examined screened positive in the RHS-15, thus indicating current mental health problems. The RHS-15 showed a good feasibility, reliability, and validity in both the self-rating and the interview version. It detected clinically relevant mental health problems when PTSD, depression, anxiety, or somatization problems were present. A shorter 13-item version proved to be equally valid. Conclusions: Together with previous research on the RHS in refugees living in the US, this suggests that the RHS is a time-efficient and accurate instrument that is able to detect common mental health problems in a wide range of refugees. Prospectively, the RHS could be used as an instrument for identifying vulnerable refugees, for example, by integrating it in the initial medical examination in the host community, thereby initiating support.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient identification of mental health problems in refugees in Germany: the Refugee Health Screener

Kaltenbach

Härdtner

Hermenau

et al. 2017

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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“…Muchas de estas recomendaciones sobre el tamaño muestral han sido objeto de estudio a través de numerosos estudios empíricos y de simulación (Arrindell y van der Ende, 1985;MacCallum et al, 1999;Velicer y Fava, 1998), dónde se distinguen dos enfoques diferentes: 1) los que sugieren un tamaño mínimo (N), y 2) los que defienden la proporción de personas por ítem (N/p).…”

Section: Recomendación Clásicaunclassified

El análisis factorial exploratorio de los ítems: una guía práctica, revisada y actualizada

et al. 2014

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Resumen: El Análisis Factorial Exploratorio es una de las técnicas más usadas en el desarrollo, validación y adaptación de instrumentos de medida psicológicos. Su uso se extendió durante los años 60 y ha ido creciendo de forma exponencial al ritmo que el avance de la informática ha permitido. Los criterios empleados en su uso, como es natural, también han evolucionado. Pero los investigadores interesados en asuntos sustantivos que utilizan rutinariamente esta técnica permanecen en muchos casos ignorantes de todo ello. En las últimas décadas numerosos trabajos han denunciado esta situación. La necesidad de actualizar los criterios clásicos para incorporar aquellos más adecuados es una necesidad urgente para hacer investigación de calidad. En este trabajo se revisan los criterios clásicos y, según el caso, se sustituyen o se complementan con otros más actuales. El objetivo es ofrecer al investigador aplicado interesado una guía actualizada acerca de cómo realizar un Análisis Factorial Exploratorio consonante con la psicometría post-Little Jiffy. Esta revisión y la guía con las recomendaciones correspondientes se han articulado en cuatro grandes bloques: 1) el tipo de datos y la matriz de asociación, 2) el método de estimación de factores, 3) el número de factores a retener, y 4) el método de rotación y asignación de ítems. Al final del artículo hemos incluido una versión breve de la guía. Palabras clave: AFE; ACP; matriz de asociación; estimación de factores; número de factores; rotación de factores.Title: Exploratory Item Factor Analysis: A practical guide revised and updated. Abstract: Exploratory Factor analysis is one of the techniques used in the development, validation and adaptation of psychological measurement instruments. Its use spread during the 1960s and has been growing exponentially thanks to the advancement of information technology. The criteria used, of course, have also evolved. But the applied researchers, who use this technique as a routine, remain often ignorant of all this. In the last few decades numerous studies have denounced this situation. There is an urgent need to update the classic criteria. The incorporation of the most suitable criteria will improve the quality of our research. In this work we review the classic criteria and, depending on the case, we also propose current criteria to replace or complement the former. Our objective is to offer the interested applied researcher updated guidance on how to perform an Exploratory Item Factor Analysis, according to the "post-Little Jiffy" psychometrics. This review and the guide with the corresponding recommendations have been articulated in four large blocks: 1) the data type and the matrix of association, 2) the method of factor estimation, 3) the number of factors to be retained, and 4) the method of rotation and allocation of items. An abridged version of the complete guide is provided at the end of the article. Key words: AFE; PCA; matrix of association; factors' estimation; number of factors; factors' rotation. IntroducciónEl Anális...

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“…Adjectives were chosen as a basis for deriving structures of self-concepts as prescribed by the traditional lexical approach (Saucier & Goldberg, 1996). Only those person-descriptor adjectives used in at least 3.0% of all selfdescription text files were considered in order to roughly meet the multiple variables to cases ratio guidelines for factor analyses (For reviews, see Arrindell & van der Ende, 1985;MacCallum, Widaman, Zhang, & Hong, 1999). From this list, any words that were not adjectival person descriptors, including quantitative modifiers ( e.g., few, some), intensifying adjectives or adverbs (e.g., much, very), and spatial or temporal adjectives (e.g., low, past) were excluded.…”

Section: Text Analytic Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Revealing dimensions of thinking in open-ended self-descriptions: An automated meaning extraction method for natural language

Chung

Pennebaker

2008

Journal of Research in Personality

191

178

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A new method for extracting common themes from written text is introduced and applied to 1,165 open-ended self-descriptive narratives. Drawing on a lexical approach to personality, the most commonly-used adjectives within narratives written by college students were identified using computerized text analytic tools. A factor analysis on the use of these adjectives in the selfdescriptions produced a 7-factor solution consisting of psychologically meaningful dimensions. Some dimensions were unipolar (e.g., Negativity factor, wherein most loaded items were negatively valenced adjectives); others were dimensional in that semantically opposite words clustered together (e.g., Sociability factor, wherein terms such as shy, outgoing, reserved, and loud all loaded in the same direction). The factors exhibited modest reliability across different types of writ writing samples and were correlated with self-reports and behaviors consistent with the dimensions. Similar analyses with additional content words (adjectives, adverbs, nouns, and verbs) yielded additional psychological dimensions associated with physical appearance, school, relationships, etc. in which people contextualize their self-concepts. The results suggest that the meaning extraction method is a promising strategy that determines the dimensions along which people think about themselves. Keywords LIWC; Meaning Extraction Method; natural language; self-descriptionsIn a job or clinical interview, meeting an office mate for the first time, or talking to someone at a party, we usually ask others to tell us about themselves. Directly or indirectly, we elicit people's descriptions of themselves to construct a coherent sense of them. With the exception of a small group of social and personality psychologists, most people consider free descriptions as the currency of everyday life. From the media describing politicians and celebrities, reference letters, or through casual observation and gossip, much of what we think and know about others is shaped by everyday descriptions of them.Although free descriptions are the natural form of appraising what people are like, most formal personality assessment methods use itemized questionnaires. With statistical methods, questionnaires make it easy to summarize people's personality trait levels, to make comparisons across respondents, and to generalize across groups. With a common vocabulary of personality factors, it is easy for researchers to communicate with one another about the major dimensions of personality that are associated with a variety of behaviors. A recurring

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An Empirical Test of the Utility of the Observations-To-Variables Ratio in Factor and Components Analysis

Abstract: Many researchers have proposed a minimum ratio of observations to variables or an absolute minimum of observations in order to obtain stable factor configurations. However, hardly any empirical studies employing real data are available that attest to the tena

Cited by 437 publications

References 22 publications

Efficient identification of mental health problems in refugees in Germany: the Refugee Health Screener

Efficient identification of mental health problems in refugees in Germany: the Refugee Health Screener

El análisis factorial exploratorio de los ítems: una guía práctica, revisada y actualizada

Revealing dimensions of thinking in open-ended self-descriptions: An automated meaning extraction method for natural language

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