“…A more recent study was conducted by Magd ( 2014 ), in order to identify the critical factors that are taken into account by the different schools of thought, on the one hand, quality gurus (Juran 1974 ;Crosby 1979 ;Ishikawa 1985 ), on the other, models of quality awards (Singapore Quality Award, Swedish Quality Award, Fiji Quality Award, Brazil Quality Award, Australian Quality Award, Malcom Baldrige, EFQM amd Rajiv Gandhl) and fi nally, the results of empirical investigations (Saraph et al 1989 ;Al Aanazi 1993 ;Oakland 1993 ;Flynn et al 1994 ;Badri et al 1995 ;Ahire et al 1996 ;Black and Porter 1996 ;Tamimi 1998 ;Terziovski and Samson 1999 ;Ang et al 2001 ;Yusof and Aspinwall 2000 ;Zhang 2000 ;Lau and Idris 2001 ;Motwani 2001 ;Nwabueze 2001 ;Thiagaragan et al 2001 ;Antony et al 2002 ;Baidoun 2003 ;Bayazit 2003 ;Chin et al 2003 ;Al-Nofal et al 2004 ;Conca et al 2004 ;Noviyarsi and Yusof 2005 ;Karuppusami and Gandhinathan 2006 ;Chowdhury et al 2007 ;Abdullah et al 2008 ;Putri and Yusof 2008 ; …”