An empirical NaKCa geothermometer for natural waters

Fournier, Robert O.; Truesdell, A.H.

doi:10.1016/0016-7037(73)90060-4

Cited by 956 publications

(460 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The Na/Li geothermometer determined by Fouillac and Michard (1981) for saline geothermal waters in volcanic and granitic environments gives a temperature value of 224°C, similar to that obtained using the Na/K/Ca geothermometer (226°C; Fournier and Truesdell, 1973), but slightly lower than those either measured inside the geothermal wells or estimated using classical geothermometers. Geochemical modeling has shown that the reservoir fluid is in chemical equilibrium with a mineralogical assemblage made up of albite, K-feldspar, quartz, calcite, disordered dolomite, anhydrite, illite, smectite and zeolites at 250-260°C ).…”

Section: Bouillante Areasupporting

confidence: 68%

“…Classical geothermometers, such as dissolved silica, Na-K, Na-K-Ca or K-Mg applied to geothermal waters (Fournier and Rowe, 1966;Fournier and Truesdell, 1973;Michard, 1979;Fournier, 1979;Giggenbach, 1988;Michard, 1990), enable to estimate the temperature of the deep reservoirs feeding geothermal fields. However, the values estimated for such temperatures are not always consistent with each other.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lithium isotopes in island arc geothermal systems: Guadeloupe, Martinique (French West Indies) and experimental approach

Millot

Scaillet

Sanjuan

2010

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

114

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. Lithium isotopes in island arc geothermal systems: Guadeloupe, Martinique (French West Indies) and experimental approach. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Elsevier, 2010, 74 (6) AbstractWe report Li isotopic measurements in seawater derived waters discharged from geothermal wells, thermal and submarine springs located in volcanic island arc areas in Guadeloupe (the Bouillante geothermal field) and Martinique (Lamentin plain and the Diamant areas). The lithium isotopic signatures of the geothermal fluids collected from deep reservoirs are homogeneous for a given site.However, the δ 7 Li signatures of each of these reservoirs are significantly different. We provide the first low temperature (25-250°C) experiments of Li isotope exchange during seawater/basalt interaction), which confirm that Li isotopic exchange is strongly temperature dependent, as previously inferred from natural studies. Li isotopic fractionation ranges from +19.4‰ (Δ solution -solid ) at 25°C to +6.7‰ at 250°C.The experiments also evidence the importance of Li isotopic fractionation during formation of Libearing secondary minerals by the uptake of lithium into the alteration minerals. Application of experimental results to the Bouillante area suggests that the geothermal water is in equilibrium at 250-260°C with a deep and large reservoir located in the transition zone possibly at the contact between volcanic flows and basaltic dikes. For the Lamentin and Diamant areas, the geothermal fluid appear to be partially in equilibrium at 90-120°C and 180°C, respectively, with reservoir sedimentary rocks. Our study highlights that lithium isotopic systematics is a powerful tool for the characterization of the origin of geothermal waters as well as the nature of their reservoir rocks.

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Section: Bouillante Areasupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithium isotopes in island arc geothermal systems: Guadeloupe, Martinique (French West Indies) and experimental approach

Millot

Scaillet

Sanjuan

2010

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

114

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“…Chemical geothermometers depend on the water-mineral equilibrium and give the last equilibration temperature for the reservoir (Nicholson, 1993). Several geothermometry techniques have been developed to predict reservoir temperatures in geothermal systems (Fournier and Truesdell, 1973;Fournier, 1979;Fournier and Potter, 1982;Arnórsson et al, 1983;Giggenbach et al, 1983;Giggenbach, 1988). All of these techniques are based on the assumption that temperature dependent water-mineral equilibrium is attained in the reservoir.…”

Section: Geothermometersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrochemical and Isotopic Composition of Tuzla Geothermal Field (Canakkale-Turkey) and its Environmental Impacts

Baba

Yüce

Deniz

et al. 2009

Environmental Forensics

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“…In fissures, rapid flow increases the water/ rock ratio and minimizes the buffering effect between rock and fluid. The fast-flowing fluids are generally hotter and consequently have a relatively greater K/Na ratio (Fournier and Truesdell, 1973). The alteration mineralogy in the adjacent rocks is therefore controlled by the composition of the fluid (Ellis, 1970), and adularia is produced.…”

Section: Analyses Listed Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alteration and vein mineralization, Schwartzwalder uranium deposit, Front Range, Colorado

Wallace¹

1983

Open-File Report

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The Schwartzwalder uranium deposit, in the Front Range west of Denver, Colorado, is the largest vein-type uranium deposit in the United States. The deposit is situated in a steeply dipping fault system that cuts Proterozoic metamorphic rocks. The host rocks represent a submarine volcanic system with associated chert and iron-and sulfide-rich pelitic rocks. Where faulted, the more competent garnetiferous and quartzitic units behaved brittlely and created a deep, narrow conduit.The ores formed 70-72 m.y. ago beneath 3 km of Phanerozoic sedimentary rocks. Mineralization included two episodes of alteration and three stages of vein mineralization. Early carbonatesericite alteration pseudomorphically replaced mafic minerals, whereas the ensuing hematite-adularia episode replaced only the earlier alteration assemblage. Early vein mineralization produced a minor sulfide-adularia-carbonate assemblage. Later vein mineralization generated the uranium ores in two successive stages. Carbonates, sulfides, and adularia filled the remaining voids. Clastic dikes composed of fault gouge and, locally, ore were injected into new and existing fractures.Geologic and chemical evidence suggest that virtually all components of the deposit were derived from major hornblende gneiss units and related rocks. The initial fluids were evolved connate/metamorphic water that infiltrated and resided along the extensive fault zones. Complex fault movements in the frontal zone of the eastern Front Range caused the fluids to migrate to the most permeable segments of the fault zones. Heat was supplied by increased crustal heat flow related to igneous activity in the nearby Colorado mineral belt. Temperatures decreased from 225°C to 125°C during later mineralization, and the pressure episodically dropped from 1000 bars. The CO^ fugacity was initially near 100 bars, and uranium was carried as a dicarbonate complex. Sudden decreases in confining pressure during fault movement caused evolution of 009 and a consequent increase in pH. Uranium was released with destruction of the uranyl complexes; it was subsequently reduced by aqueous sulfur species, thereby leading to the precipitation of pitchblende. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

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An empirical NaKCa geothermometer for natural waters

Cited by 956 publications

References 20 publications

Lithium isotopes in island arc geothermal systems: Guadeloupe, Martinique (French West Indies) and experimental approach

Lithium isotopes in island arc geothermal systems: Guadeloupe, Martinique (French West Indies) and experimental approach

Hydrochemical and Isotopic Composition of Tuzla Geothermal Field (Canakkale-Turkey) and its Environmental Impacts

Alteration and vein mineralization, Schwartzwalder uranium deposit, Front Range, Colorado

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