An Empirical Model of Angle-of-Arrival Variance for a Gaussian Wave Propagation through Non-Kolmogorov Turbulence

Abstract

This paper proposes an empirical model of the angle-of-arrival (AOA) variance for a Gaussian wave propagating through the weak non-Kolmogorov turbulence. The proposed model is approximately expressed as the linear weighted average between the AOA variances of the plane and spherical waves. The Monte Carlo method is applied to validate the proposed model. The numerical simulations indicate that, under the geometrical optics approximation, the AOA variance for a Gaussian wave is insensitive to the change of the diffraction parameter and can be closely approximated by a simple linear relationship in the refraction parameter. These two properties ensure the validity of the empirical model.

Simplified Geometric Approach to Freeform Beam Shaper Design

“…Following both Kolmogorov and non-Kolmogorov models, even moderate conditions lead to significant wavefront angle-of-incidence (AOI) fluctuations and higher order wavefront errors [30]. For this reason, it is always reasonable to keep in mind that, in designing a beam shaper for long-range open-space applications, optics is not limited to lenses but also includes a long column of atmosphere which can be represented as a random phase screen.…”