An empirical model for sediment resuspension in shallow lakes

Hamilton, David P.; Mitchell, Stuart F.

doi:10.1007/bf00036471

Cited by 163 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…This change can be expected to increase exposure of bottom sediments to the erosive effects of wind, leading to sediment resuspension and reduced light availability (Hamilton & Mitchell 1996;Scheffer 1998). These conditions may favour growth of C. raciborskii, with its capacity to grow well at low irradiance (Padisák & Reynolds 1998).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent occurrence ofCylindrospermopsis raciborskiiin Waikato lakes of New Zealand

Ryan¹,

Hamilton²,

Barnes³

2003

New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research

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Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii is a toxin-producing species of cyanobacteria that in autumn 2003 was recorded for the first time in three shallow (max. depth 5 m) Waikato lakes and a hydro-electric dam on the Waikato River, New Zealand. It formed water blooms at densities >100 000 cells/ml in Lakes Waahi and Whangape. Net rates of population growth >0.2 day -1 were recorded for C. raciborskii in Lakes Ngaroto, Waahi, and Karapiro, based on comparisons of low numbers (detection of <10 cells/ml) from initial samples and its presence at bloom densities (>15 000 cells/ml) in the subsequent sample "x"-"y" days later. C. raciborskii may be well adapted to rapid proliferation in the Waikato lakes, which are eutrophic to hypertrophic, with high light attenuation, and where nitrogen (N) fixation may provide it with a competitive advantage over non-nitrogen fixing algae under N-limited conditions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent occurrence ofCylindrospermopsis raciborskiiin Waikato lakes of New Zealand

Ryan¹,

Hamilton²,

Barnes³

2003

New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research

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“…Wave damping due to vegetation in lakes has been even less investigated than in the ocean, especially with regard to field measurements, although its indirect effects on the light climate are well known (e.g., Hamilton and Mitchell 1996). However, the damping of waves over submerged vegetation has been analyzed in the laboratory (Houwing et al 2002).…”

Section: Previous Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These vegetated belts act as buffer zones protecting nearshore structures and ecosystems (e.g., Asano et al 1992). In shallow lakes and wetlands, submerged and emergent vegetation are known to reduce resuspension of bottom sediments by decreasing the wave energy (Hamilton and Mitchell 1996;Horppila and Nurminen 2001;Houwing et al 2002). This reduction has several ecological effects as light climate is enhanced and internal loading of sediment-bound nutrients is reduced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wave Damping in Reed: Field Measurements and Mathematical Modeling

Lövstedt

Larson

2010

J. Hydraul. Eng.

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Wave damping in vegetation in shallow lakes reduces resuspension and thereby improves the light climate and decreases nutrient recycling. In this study, wave transformation in reed (Phragmites australis) was measured in a shallow lake. Theoretical models of wave height decay, based on linear wave theory, and transformation of the probability density function, using a wave-by-wave approach, were developed and compared to the collected data. Field data showed an average decrease in wave height of 4-5% m -1 within the first 5-14 m of the vegetation. Incident root-mean-square wave height varied between 1 and 8 cm, which is typical for the studied lake. A species-specific drag coefficient, C D , was found to be about 9 (most probable range: 3-25), and the model was relatively insensitive to moderate variations in this parameter. The coefficient showed little correlation with aReynolds number or a Keulegan-Carpenter number. The probability density function for the wave height did not change significantly, but for longer distances into the vegetation and higher incident waves it tended to be less similar to a Rayleigh distribution and more similar to the theoretically developed transformed distribution, where the higher waves are more damped than the smaller. Relationships developed in this study can be employed for management purposes to reduce resuspension and erosion in shallow lakes.

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“…Carp can physically disturb and resuspend bottom sediments through feeding behavior (King and Hunt, 1967). Subsequently, resuspended sediments can thereby diminish light availability, which induces significant decrease of aquatic macrophytes in the water body (Hamilton and Mitchell, 1997;Miller and Crowl, 2006). Lougheed et al (1988) showed that water turbidity and nutrient loading increased proportionally with the biomass of spawning carp in experimental enclosures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of bottom sediment stability after carp removal in a small lake

Lin

2013

Ann. Limnol. - Int. J. Lim.

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-This study combined several features of acoustic and electromagnetic (EM) waves-based devices including sub-bottom profiler (SBP), side-scan sonar (SSS) and ground penetrating radar (GPR), and in situ sediment data to study responses of bottom sediments after carp removal in Lake Wingra. In 2007, i.e., before carp removal, macrophytes only grew to a water depth of 2 m. Meanwhile, GPR data showed no visible sublayer in vegetated regions, while SBP data revealed a loose and fluffy sediment layer in unvegetated regions, easily affected by wave or current motions. The field data showed that suspended sediment concentrations (SSC) were much greater in unvegetated regions than those in vegetated regions during a one-day wind event, and the resuspended sediments could remain suspended in the water column for two days. In 2009, i.e., after more than half (51%) of carp were removed, the fluffy sediment layer recognized by SBP became thinner or even disappeared, and both SBP and SSS results showed that submerged macrophytes started growing in deeper water. In situ sediment data presented that bulk sediment density and critical shear stress became greater, and bottom sediments consolidated and were harder to be resuspended. Secchi depth collected between 2008 and 2010 was greater than that in the previous 10 years, indicated clearer water state. In short, the fluffy sediment layer because of carp activities may be the main source for suspended sediments to deteriorate water quality. Removal of carp is crucial for stabilizing bottom sediment and improving water clarity in this small lake.

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An empirical model for sediment resuspension in shallow lakes

Cited by 163 publications

References 45 publications

Recent occurrence ofCylindrospermopsis raciborskiiin Waikato lakes of New Zealand

Recent occurrence ofCylindrospermopsis raciborskiiin Waikato lakes of New Zealand

Wave Damping in Reed: Field Measurements and Mathematical Modeling

Response of bottom sediment stability after carp removal in a small lake

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