An empirical basis for subgrouping the hyperkinetic/minimal brain dysfunction syndrome.

Loney, Jan; Langhorne, John E.; Paternite, Carl E.

doi:10.1037/0021-843x.87.4.431

Cited by 123 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…For example, Paternite and Loney (1980) used self-and spouse reports of "parental shortcomings." Loney, Langhorne, and Paternite's (1978) measures included only love/hostility and control/autonomy continuums. Second, the current sample was high risk because of the high prevalence of alcoholism in the parents, but it was not selected specifically for inattention/hyperactivity or conduct disorder and was a community, as opposed to clinical, sample.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inattention/hyperactivity and aggression from early childhood to adolescence: Heterogeneity of trajectories and differential influence of family environment characteristics

Jester

Nigg

Adams

et al. 2005

Develop. Psychopathol.

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In attention/hyperactivity and aggressive behavior problems were measured in 335 children from school entry throughout adolescence, at 3-year intervals. Children were participants in a high-risk prospective study of substance use disorders and comorbid problems. A parallel process latent growth model found aggressive behavior decreasing throughout childhood and adolescence, whereas inattentive/hyperactive behavior levels were constant. Growth mixture modeling, in which developmental trajectories are statistically classified, found two classes for inattention/hyperactivity and two for aggressive behavior, resulting in a total of four trajectory classes. Different influences of the family environment predicted development of the two types of behavior problems when the other behavior problem was held constant. Lower emotional support and lower intellectual stimulation by the parents in early childhood predicted membership in the high problem class of inattention/hyperactivity when the trajectory of aggression was held constant. Conversely, conflict and lack of cohesiveness in the family environment predicted membership in a worse developmental trajectory of aggressive behavior when the inattention/hyperactivity trajectories were held constant. The implications of these findings for the development of inattention/hyperactivity and for the development of risk for the emergence of substance use disorders are discussed.A cluster of child problems including inattention, disorganization, hyperactivity, and impulsivity present serious dilemmas for our society. These problems tend to co-occur and, when sufficiently severe, are diagnosed clinically as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2000). Clinical diagnosis of ADHD is associated with serious impairment in multiple domains (Johnston, Murray, Hinshaw, Pelham, & Hoza, 2002) and risk for poor long-term outcome (Klein & Mannuzza, 1991) including development of later substance use disorders (Zucker & Gomberg, 1986). Treatment of attention problems and hyperactivity has led to increased rates of medication of children in the United States (Robison, Sclar, Skaer, & Galin, 1999) and associated controversy (Searight & McLaren, 1998). As a result, understanding the antecedents of these problems is an important priority.Yet the determinants of this cluster of childhood problems are far from well understood. Twin and adoption studies indicate that heritability of normal and severe levels of these behavior problems is substantial (Loney, Paternite, Schwartz, & Roberts, 1997) and neuropsychological correlates are becoming more clearly delineated (Nigg, 2001). At the same time, it is recognized that epigenetic processes, including family context effects, must also be better understood to NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript fully account for the developmental trajectory of these difficulties (Whalen & Henker, 1999). Indeed, even heritable processes are likely to exert at least part of the...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inattention/hyperactivity and aggression from early childhood to adolescence: Heterogeneity of trajectories and differential influence of family environment characteristics

Jester

Nigg

Adams

et al. 2005

Develop. Psychopathol.

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“…The interrater reliability of these symptoms is high, and their external validity has been studied extensively in this population (e.g., Loney et al 1978Loney et al , 1981Paternite et al 1999). …”

Section: Measures Of Symptoms At Referralmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulant Treatment in Young Boys with Symptoms Suggesting Childhood Mania: A Report from a Longitudinal Study

Carlson

Loney

Salisbury

et al. 2000

Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology

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This study used data from a completed longitudinal study to examine the effects of methylphenidate on 6-12-year-old boys presumably at risk for bipolar disorder. Of 75 boys referred, diagnosed with hyperkinetic reaction of childhood (minimal brain dysfunction), treated clinically with methylphenidate, and followed as young adults, 23% (the maximorbid or MAX group) had childhood symptoms of irritability and emulated DSM-IV diagnoses of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), plus oppositional defiant or conduct disorder (ODD/CD) and anxiety or depression or both. The remaining boys (the minimorbid or MIN group) had fewer symptoms and disorders. MAX and MIN groups did not differ in rated response to methylphenidate, duration of treatment, clinically determined maintenance doses, concurrent or subsequent treatment with other medications, or other aspects of medication experience. At ages 21-23, individuals with bipolar-related lifetime diagnoses (adult mania, hypomania, or cyclothymia) did not differ from those without bipolar-related diagnoses in any aspect of early methylphenidate treatment history. These findings indicate that ADHD boys with symptoms suggesting childhood mania do not respond differently to methylphenidate than boys without such symptoms, and there is no evidence here that methylphenidate precipitates young adult bipolar disorders in susceptible individuals.

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“…Sandberg et al, 1980;McGee et al, 1985b). Second, clinical measures result in a distinct pattern of correlation with criterion variables (Taylor et al, 1986b;Loney et al, 1978; see also Paternite, Loney & Langhorne, 1976;Loney, Krammer & Milich, 1981;Milich et al, 1982;.…”

Section: Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood Hyperactivity

Schachar

1991

Child Psychology Psychiatry

128

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An empirical basis for subgrouping the hyperkinetic/minimal brain dysfunction syndrome.

Cited by 123 publications

References 27 publications

Inattention/hyperactivity and aggression from early childhood to adolescence: Heterogeneity of trajectories and differential influence of family environment characteristics

Inattention/hyperactivity and aggression from early childhood to adolescence: Heterogeneity of trajectories and differential influence of family environment characteristics

Stimulant Treatment in Young Boys with Symptoms Suggesting Childhood Mania: A Report from a Longitudinal Study

Childhood Hyperactivity

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