An empirical approach to study the occurrence of ion exchange in the alkaline hydrolysis of phthalimide in the presence of cationic micelles and inert salts

Kinetic Study on the Effects of Sodium Benzoate on Piperidinolysis of Phenyl Salicylate in Alkaline Pure Cationic and Mixed Cationic-Nonionic Micelles

“…Thus, the values of F X=S ð¼h=K MX w Þ for MX ¼ C 6 H 5 CO 2 Na are 0.72 and 0.67 at 0.006 and 0.010 M CTABr, respectively. As discussed elsewhere, [8,22] the average value of F X=S of 0.70 shows that the limiting concentration of sodium benzoate could cause only nearly 70% expulsion of S À ions from the micellar pseudophase to the water phase. It has been concluded elsewhere [22] that the normalized K n X=S ð¼F X=S K X=S Þ and K n Y=S ð¼F Y=S K Y=S Þ values, (where K X=S and K Y=S have been calculated from Equation (8) using two different inert salts, MX and MY), are empirically related to ion-exchange constant, K Y X , through the relationship:…”

Kinetic and rheological measurements of the effects of inert 2-, 3- and 4-bromobenzoate ions on the cationic micellar-mediated rate of piperidinolysis of ionized phenyl salicylate

“…The absolute magnitudes of these negative deviations increase with the decrease in [MX] as well as increase in [CTABr] T . Such observations, in the related studies [18,19], have been attributed to the effects of the occurrence of independent ion exchange processes X À /HO À and X À /Br. The occurrence of these ion exchange processes (X À /HO À and X À /Br À ) is expected to decrease the effective concentration of [MX] (½MX ef S ) affecting the ion exchange process X À /S À (where S À = PS À ).…”

“…The occurrence of these ion exchange processes (X À /HO À and X À /Br À ) is expected to decrease the effective concentration of [MX] (½MX ef S ) affecting the ion exchange process X À /S À (where S À = PS À ). As described elsewhere [18,19], the value of ½MX ef S is related to [MX] through the following relationships: has no effect on ion exchange X À /HO À and X À /Br À , respectively.…”

“…i The values of K Br X were recalculated from the observed data published as Ref. [18]. X and Y, K n X=S = F X/S K X/S , K n Y=S = F Y/S K Y/S and S, Y and X represent counterions of ionic micelles (i.e.…”

“…The values of K Y X for Y = Cl or OH, X = 2,6-dichlorobenzoate and various hydrophilic inorganic anions were found to be very technique-dependent [4,16]. A new semi-empirical kinetic technique has been used to determine the values of K Br X for X = 2-CH 3 Bz À , 3-CH 3 Bz À and 4-CH 3 Bz À of CTA + micellar system as 4 (5), 13 (12) and 12 [17] (9) [18], respectively. More than 2-fold stronger CTA + micellar affinity of 3-CH 3 Bz À and 4-CH 3 Bz À than that of 2-CH 3 Bz À explains quantitatively the rheological observations obtained previously [6].…”