An empirical approach on the design of tactile maps and diagrams: The                 cognitive tactualization approach

Jehoel, Sandra; McCallum, Don; Rowell, Jonathan; Ungar, Simon

doi:10.1177/0264619606063402

Cited by 43 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Finally, in relation to the methods used, we believe that studies like the present ones can help to explore the relationship between more abstract psychophysical tasks and more concrete, ecologically valid tasks (see Jehoel et al (2006) for a more detailed discussion of this approach). In the past it has been generally recognized that psychophysical findings cannot be directly applied to design (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tactile Elevation Perception in Blind and Sighted Participants and Its Implications for Tactile Map Creation

et al. 2009

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Objective: To determine the optimal elevation of tactile map symbols. Background: Tactile perception research predicts that symbol elevation (vertical height) and texture on tactile maps could influence their readability. However, while research has shown that elevation influences detection and discrimination thresholds for single tactile stimuli, and that the physiological response of fingertip receptors varies with texture, little is known about the influence of these parameters on the identification of stimuli in the context of multiple symbols as found on tactile maps. Method: Sighted and visually impaired participants performed tactile symbol identification tasks. In Experiment 1, we measured the effect of elevation on identification accuracy. In Experiment 2, we measured the effect of elevation and symbol texture on identification speed. Results:Symbol elevation influenced both speed and accuracy of identification with thresholds being higher than found in work on detection and discrimination but lower than on existing tactile maps. Further, as predicted from existing knowledge of tactile perception, rough features were identified more quickly than smooth ones. Finally, visually impaired participants performed better than sighted ones. Conclusion: The symbol elevations necessary for identification (0.040 to 0.080 mm) are considerably lower than would be expected on the basis of existing tactile maps (generally 0.5 mm or higher) and design guidelines (0.4 mm). Application: Tactile map production costs could be reduced and map durability increased by reducing symbol elevation.Further, legibility of maps could be improved by using rough features, which are read more easily, and smaller symbols, which reduces crowding of graphics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tactile Elevation Perception in Blind and Sighted Participants and Its Implications for Tactile Map Creation

et al. 2009

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“…Although the lower precision of the sense of touch in relation to the sense of sight must be taken into account when designing tactile maps, this fact results in a need for tactile versions to be simple and display less and more synthesized information than visual maps. There are several books and articles which provide recommendations to facilitate their design (Goodrick, 1987;Jehoel et al, 2006;Trevelyan, 1987;Rowell and Ungar, 2003a;Wiener et al, 2010).…”

Section: Maps and Tactile Symbolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Tactile Map Usability through 3D Printing Techniques: An Experiment with New Tactile Symbols

Gual

Cazorla

Lloveras-Macia

2013

The Cartographic Journal

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This paper shows an experiment with tactile maps designed for visually impaired persons. Tests were carried out on a tactile map produced with 3D printing and including a new type of tactile symbols, volumetric symbols (3D). These symbols are localized faster than conventional flat relief symbols, with the same error rate, an improvement in the use of these tactile devices. Moreover, following tests, differences were found between types of participants with blind participants generally carrying out the proposed tasks better than the rest of users.

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“…To investigate tactile interactions, we first capture behavioral data from participants as they perform a task with 2-D tactile stimuli. In the studies of Jehoel et al (2006) and McCallum et al (2006) preference responses, proportions of correct responses, and overall scanning times were sufficient to find perceptual effects. Symmons and Richardson (2000) video-recorded novice participants as they read simple line drawings, with a digital timer located in shot so that response latency about shape identification could be measured.…”

Section: Existing Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Multi-touch Interaction Data Analysis System (MIDAS) for 2-D tactile display research

et al. 2019

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The study of haptic perception and cognition requires data about how humans interact with tactile surfaces in the context of performing cognitive tasks. MIDAS is a set of three tools for the digital capture, coding, analysis, and interpretation of timeseries, multitouch, interactive behaviors on a tactile surface. The MIDAS-logger uses the current screen technology of tablet computers to capture touches (up to ten fingers at high spatial and temporal resolution) through conventional tactile graphics that are overlaid on the screen. The MIDAS-analyser is a software program for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of MIDASlogger touch data, which includes a fully interactive visualization of the data and a yoked display of a conventional simultaneous video recording made of the interactions. MIDAS-tactile protocol analysis (TPA) provides a scheme and a method to enable the rich coding and interpretation of tactile behaviors over multiple spatial and temporal scales. The efficacy of MIDAS was assessed against a set of criteria drawn from the successes and limitations of prior approaches to the study of tactile interactions. To demonstrate the functions of MIDAS, its three components were used to capture, analyze, code, and interpret the behavior of an experienced user and an inexperienced user of tactile graphics as they performed a shape-matching task.

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An empirical approach on the design of tactile maps and diagrams: The cognitive tactualization approach

Cited by 43 publications

References 21 publications

Tactile Elevation Perception in Blind and Sighted Participants and Its Implications for Tactile Map Creation

Tactile Elevation Perception in Blind and Sighted Participants and Its Implications for Tactile Map Creation

Improving Tactile Map Usability through 3D Printing Techniques: An Experiment with New Tactile Symbols

Multi-touch Interaction Data Analysis System (MIDAS) for 2-D tactile display research

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