An Empirical Analysis of Commodity Exchange in the International Economy: 1965-80

An examination of the international telecommunication network

“…Many researchers have analysed various aggregated, cross-national data as indicators of a country's positions in the global system to test dependency theory and WST (Brams 1966;Chase-Dunn 1975;Streiber 1979;Snyder & Kick 1979;Kick 1980Kick , 1983Kick , 1987Breiger 1982;Schott 1986;Smith & Nemeth 1988;Knoke & Burmeister-May 1990.) Among the indicators used in these studies, trade was the major independent variable, measuring external dependency, whereas economic development, quality of life, and various population indicators served as dependent variables.…”

Structure and Dynamics of the Global Economy: Network Analysis of International Trade 1965-1980

“…Such research demonstrates that five empirically defined clusters of commodity trade sort out into a pattern that is interpretable along a rough two dimensional scale contrasting production with extraction and capital-intensive versus labor-intensive processing. This finding and the details of its derivation are discussed in detail elsewhere (Smith & Nemeth 1988). For each of these clusters we chose the three commodities that consistently loaded most highly on each of the five factors.…”

“…One possibility is to pick products that vary according to "level of processing" scales devised by previous researchers (Delacroix 1977;Firebaugh & Bullock 1987) Stokes & Jaffee 1982. But these indices have been criticized as imprecise and difficult to operationalize (Nemeth & Smith 1985;Firebaugh & Bullock 1987;Smith & Nemeth 1988). An alternative strategy is to use a factor analysis on all the bilateral exchanges between countries to find bundles of commodities that tend to move together in the international economy.…”

The international student exchange network: 1970 & 1989

“…Only recently has the focus of research shifted to examining patterns of international student exchange within a larger context, joining the research trend in the social sciences to understand international interactions as different aspects of global political and economic relationships. Examples include international trade (Smith and Nemeth 1988), capital flow (Bradshaw 1991), investments (Wimberley 1990), military intervention (Kick 1983), the flow of mail (Clark and Merritt 1987), and telecommunications (Barnett et al 1993;Sun and Barnett 1994).…”