An emerging simple and effective approach to increase the productivity of thraustochytrids microbial lipids by regulating glycolysis process and triacylglycerols’ decomposition

Ma, Wang; Wang, Yu‐Zhou; Nong, Fang-Tong; Du, Fei; Xu, Ying‐Shuang; Huang, Pengwei; Sun, Xiao‐Man

doi:10.1186/s13068-021-02097-4

Cited by 17 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…4-desaturase catalyze docosatetraenoic acid (DTA, C22:4 7,10,13,16 ) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, C22:5 7,10,13,16,19 ) to docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, C22:5 4,7,10,13,16 ) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6 4,7,10,13,16,19 ). As very important LCPUFAs, more researchers focus on another more efficient PKS pathway to synthesize DHA from Schizochytrium sp.…”

Section: -Desaturasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the scientist also identified this desaturase encoding gene from I. galbana (49), Isochrysis sphaerica (50), Pavlova lutheri (52), and Pavlova viridis (53). Among them, the one from P. lutheri desaturated DTA (C22:4 7,10,13,16 ) and DPA, (C22:5 7,10,13,16,19 ) (52), while the others from I. galbana and I. sphaerica prefer DPA (C22:5 7,10,13,16,19 ) as substrate (49, 50) (Table 1).…”

Section: -Desaturasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…5-elongase is a kind of fatty acid elongase with C20 fatty acid as substrate which catalyze arachidonic acid (AA, C20:4 5,8,11,14 ) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:4 5,8,11,14,17 ) to Docosatetraenoic acid (DTA, C22:4 7,10,13,16 ) and Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, C22:5 7,10,13,16,19 ), respectively. Employing fluorescent protein as an indicator, Niu et al (87) found the 5-elongase from Pavlova viridis located in the endoplasmic reticulum.…”

Section: -Elongasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fatty acids in the daily diet are mainly consisted of saturated ones and unsaturated ones. According to the different positions of unsaturated double bonds, LCPUFAs can be mainly divided into ω3 and ω6 series, such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6 4,7,10,13,16,19 ω3), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:4 5,8,11,14,17 , ω3), and arachidonic acid (AA, C20:4 5,8,11,14 , ω6) (3). These LCPUFAs also play a crucial role in not only growth and brain development but also in preventing cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, and diabetes (4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fortunately, the development of LCPUFAs from oleaginous microorganisms and microalgae provides an alternative source for increasing market demand. At present, many LCPUFAs' production processes have been developed, including Schizochytrium sp., Mortierella alpina, Thraustochytrids and Yarrowia lipolytica (14)(15)(16)(17). Compared with LCPUFAs from plant and fish oil, the LCPUFAs driver from microorganisms and microalgae own many advantages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Key Enzymes in Fatty Acid Synthesis Pathway for Bioactive Lipids Biosynthesis

et al. 2022

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Dietary bioactive lipids, one of the three primary nutrients, is not only essential for growth and provides nutrients and energy for life's activities but can also help to guard against disease, such as Alzheimer's and cardiovascular diseases, which further strengthen the immune system and maintain many body functions. Many microorganisms, such as yeast, algae, and marine fungi, have been widely developed for dietary bioactive lipids production. These biosynthetic processes were not limited by the climate and ground, which are also responsible for superiority of shorter periods and high conversion rate. However, the production process was also exposed to the challenges of low stability, concentration, and productivity, which was derived from the limited knowledge about the critical enzyme in the metabolic pathway. Fortunately, the development of enzymatic research methods provides powerful tools to understand the catalytic process, including site-specific mutagenesis, protein dynamic simulation, and metabolic engineering technology. Thus, we review the characteristics of critical desaturase and elongase involved in the fatty acids' synthesis metabolic pathway, which aims to not only provide extensive data for enzyme rational design and modification but also provides a more profound and comprehensive understanding of the dietary bioactive lipids' synthetic process.

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Section: -Desaturasementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: -Desaturasementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: -Elongasementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Key Enzymes in Fatty Acid Synthesis Pathway for Bioactive Lipids Biosynthesis

et al. 2022

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Enhancing the biomass and docosahexaenoic acid‐rich lipid accumulation of Schizochytrium sp. in propionate wastewater

Zhang

et al. 2023

Biotechnology Journal

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In order to find a more effective way to obtain docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) rich lipid from Schizochytrium sp., a widespread propionate wastewater (PW) is used. PW is a common industrial and domestic wastewater, and transforming it into valuable products is a potential treatment method. Schizochytrium sp. is a rapidly growing oleaginous organism, which has been used commercially for DHA production. Herein, PW is completely used for DHA production by Schizochytrium sp. by genetic engineering and fermentation optimization, which can alleviate the increasingly tense demand for water resources and environmental pollution caused by industrial wastewater. Firstly, the methylmalonyl‐CoA mutase (MCM) was overexpressed in Schizochytrium sp. to enhance the metabolism of propionate, then the engineered strain of overexpressed MCM (OMCM) can effectively use propionate. Then, the effects of PW with different concentration of propionate were investigated, and results showed that OMCM can completely replace clean water with PW containing 5 g L−1 propionate. Furthermore, in the fed‐batch fermentation, the OMCM obtained the highest biomass of 113.4 g L−1 and lipid yield of 64.4 g L−1 in PW condition, which is 26.8% and 51.7% higher than that of wild type (WT) in PW condition. Moreover, to verify why overexpression of MCM can promote DHA and lipid accumulation, the comparative metabolomics, ATP production level, the antioxidant system, and the transcription of key genes were investigated. Results showed that ATP induced by PW condition could drive the synthesis of DHA, and remarkably improve the antioxidant capacity of cells by enhancing the carotenoids production. Therefore, PW can be used as an effective and economical substrate and water source for Schizochytrium sp. to accumulate biomass and DHA.

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Enhancing the accumulation of lipid and docosahexaenoic acid in Schizochytrium sp. by co‐overexpression of phosphopantetheinyl transferase and ω‐3 fatty acid desaturase

Li,

Zheng,

Yang

et al. 2023

Biotechnology Journal

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Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) as one of ω‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), plays a key role in brain development, and is widely used in food additives and the pharmaceutical industry. Schizochytrium sp. is often considered as a satisfactory strain for DHA industrialization. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of phosphopantetheinyl transferase (PPTase) and ω‐3 fatty acid desaturase (FAD) for regulating DHA content in Schizochytrium sp. PPTase is essential to activate the polyketide‐like synthase (PKS) pathway, which can transfer apo‐acyl‐carrier protein (apo‐ACP) into holo‐ACP, and plays a key role in DHA synthesis. Moreover, DHA and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) are synthesized by the PKS pathway simultaneously, so high DPA synthesis limits the increase of DHA content. In addition, the detailed mechanisms of PKS pathway have not been fully elucidated, so it is difficult to improve DHA content by modifying PKS. However, ω‐3 FAD can convert DPA into DHA, and it is the most direct and effective way to increase DHA content and reduce DPA content. Based on this, we overexpressed PPTase to enhance the synthesis of DHA by the PKS pathway, overexpressed ω‐3 FAD to convert the co‐product of the PKS pathway into DHA, and co‐overexpressed PPTase and ω‐3 FAD. With these strategies, compared with wild type, the final lipid and DHA titer were 92.5 g/L and 51.5 g/L, which increased by 46.4% and 78.1% respectively. This study established an efficient DHA production strain, and provided some feasible strategies for industrial DHA production in Schizochytrium sp.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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An emerging simple and effective approach to increase the productivity of thraustochytrids microbial lipids by regulating glycolysis process and triacylglycerols’ decomposition

Cited by 17 publications

References 52 publications

Key Enzymes in Fatty Acid Synthesis Pathway for Bioactive Lipids Biosynthesis

Key Enzymes in Fatty Acid Synthesis Pathway for Bioactive Lipids Biosynthesis

Enhancing the biomass and docosahexaenoic acid‐rich lipid accumulation of Schizochytrium sp. in propionate wastewater

Enhancing the accumulation of lipid and docosahexaenoic acid in Schizochytrium sp. by co‐overexpression of phosphopantetheinyl transferase and ω‐3 fatty acid desaturase

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