An Emerging Functional Natural Silk Biomaterial from the only Domesticated Non‐mulberry Silkworm <i>Samia ricini</i>

Pal, Shilpa; Kundu, Joydip; Talukdar, Sarmistha; Thomas, Tintu; Kundu, Subhas C.

doi:10.1002/mabi.201300013

Cited by 32 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Fibroin proteins from non‐mulberry silkworm species have slightly different structures. Antheraea mylitta is a homodimer containing 197 kDa subunits, A. assamensis fibroin is a heterodimer comprising chains of 220 kDa and 20 kDa, and fibroin from S. ricini consists of a heterodimer of chains of approximately 245 kDa and 210 kDa (Kundu et al ., ; Pal et al ., ). Non‐mulberry silk also contains poly‐alanine rather than poly‐glycine repeats and is more hydrophobic than B. mori silk (Kundu et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Silk proteins are used in implantable biomaterials, drug delivery vehicles and medical devices (Omenetto and Kaplan, ; Kundu et al ., , Yucel et al ., ). Although silk from B. mori is the most commonly used in medical applications, attention is gradually focusing on silk produced by non‐mulberry species, as these fibroins can be easily extracted in aqueous solution (Patra et al ., ; Kar et al ., ; Pal et al ., ). Silk biomaterials can be moulded into hydrogels, membranes, nets, sponges, micro and nanoparticles and nanofibrous mats, (Kundu et al ., ) and can be used for different tissue engineering applications including bone (Meinel et al ., ; Kim et al ., ; Meinel and Kaplan, ), cartilage (Bhardwaj et al ., ; Talukdar et al ., ), cardiac muscle (Patra et al ., ), liver (Banani and Kundu, ) and skin repair (Bhardwaj et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Silk fibroin scaffolds with muscle-like elasticity supportin vitrodifferentiation of human skeletal muscle cells

Chaturvedi

Naskar

Kinnear

et al. 2016

J Tissue Eng Regen Med

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Human adult skeletal muscle has a limited ability to regenerate after injury and therapeutic options for volumetric muscle loss are few. Technologies to enhance regeneration of tissues generally rely upon bioscaffolds to mimic aspects of the tissue extracellular matrix (ECM). In the present study, silk fibroins from four Lepidoptera (silkworm) species engineered into three‐dimensional scaffolds were examined for their ability to support the differentiation of primary human skeletal muscle myoblasts. Human skeletal muscle myoblasts (HSMMs) adhered, spread and deposited extensive ECM on all the scaffolds, but immunofluorescence and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of gene expression revealed that myotube formation occurred differently on the various scaffolds. Bombyx mori fibroin scaffolds supported formation of long, well‐aligned myotubes, whereas on Antheraea mylitta fibroin scaffolds the myotubes were thicker and shorter. Myotubes were oriented in two perpendicular layers on Antheraea assamensis scaffolds, and scaffolds of Philosamia/Samia ricini (S. ricini) fibroin poorly supported myotube formation. These differences were not caused by fibroin composition per se, as HSMMs adhered to, proliferated on and formed striated myotubes on all four fibroins presented as two‐dimensional fibroin films. The Young's modulus of A. mylitta and B. mori scaffolds mimicked that of normal skeletal muscle, but A. assamensis and S. ricini scaffolds were more flexible. The present study demonstrates that although myoblasts deposit matrix onto fibroin scaffolds and create a permissive environment for cell proliferation, a scaffold elasticity resembling that of normal muscle is required for optimal myotube length, alignment, and maturation. © 2016 The Authors Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. StartCopTextStartCopText© 2016 The Authors Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Silk fibroin scaffolds with muscle-like elasticity supportin vitrodifferentiation of human skeletal muscle cells

Chaturvedi

Naskar

Kinnear

et al. 2016

J Tissue Eng Regen Med

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“…35 Similarly, non-mulberry silk fibroin-based materials from the Samia ricini and Antharae pernyi silkworms have supported fibroblast-like, osteoblast-like, and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell growth in vitro. 42,43 In this study, we demonstrated the cytocompatibility of Spidrex, showing that primary human and rat tenocyte viability increased over 14 days of culture on Spidrex. Morphological analysis of calcein-AM-stained human tenocytes cultured on the different silk scaffolds and within collagen gels demonstrated that human tenocytes retained their native elongated morphology when cultured on Spidrex, whereas human tenocytes cultured on the knitted B. mori scaffold and within the collagen gels did not appear as tenocytic.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…[32][33][34] Studies evaluating silk as a biomaterial for tendon regeneration have largely focused on the mulberry B. mori silk or composites of B. mori silk with either synthetic polymers or collagen. 28,29,[35][36][37][38] However, given that non-mulberry silks contain the cell binding RGD tripeptide motif, [39][40][41] and have been shown to support fibroblast-like and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell growth in vitro, 42,43 non-mulberry silk-derived scaffolds hold much promise as biomaterials for enhancing tendon tissue regeneration. 44 In this study, in vitro assays were used to assess the cytocompatibility and immunogenicity of a novel knitted, nonmulberry silk fibroin scaffold designed for use in tendon tissue regeneration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In VitroEvaluation of a Novel Non-Mulberry Silk Scaffold for Use in Tendon Regeneration

Musson

Naot

Chhana

et al. 2015

Tissue Engineering Part A

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Tearing of the rotator cuff tendon in the shoulder is a significant clinical problem, with large/full-thickness tears present in *22% of the general population and recurrent tear rates postarthroscopic repair being quoted as high as 94%. Tissue-engineered biomaterials are increasingly being investigated as a means to augment rotator cuff repairs, with the aim of inducing host cell responses to increase tendon tissue regeneration. Silk-derived materials are of particular interest due to the high availability, mechanical strength, and biocompatibility of silks. In this study, Spidrex Ò , a novel knitted, non-mulberry silk fibroin scaffold was evaluated in vitro for its potential to improve tendon regeneration. Spidrex was compared with a knitted Bombyx mori silk scaffold, a 3D collagen gel and Fiberwire Ò suture material. Primary human and rat tenocytes successfully adhered to Spidrex and significantly increased in number over a 14 day period ( p < 0.05), as demonstrated by fluorescent calcein-AM staining and alamarBlue Ò assays. A similar growth pattern was observed with human tenocytes cultured on the B. mori scaffold. Morphologically, human tenocytes elongated along the silk fibers of Spidrex, assuming a tenocytic cell shape, and were less circular with a higher aspect ratio compared with human tenocytes cultured on the B. mori silk scaffold and within the collagen gel ( p < 0.05). Gene expression analysis by real-time PCR showed that rat tenocytes cultured on Spidrex had increased expression of tenocyte-related genes such as fibromodullin, scleraxis, and tenomodulin ( p < 0.05). Expression of genes that indicate transdifferentiation toward a chondrocytic or osteoblastic lineage were significantly lower in tenocytes cultured on Spidrex in comparison to the collagen gel ( p < 0.05). Immunogenicity assessment by the maturation of and cytokine release from primary human dendritic cells demonstrated that Spidrex enhanced dendritic cell maturation in a similar manner to the clinically used suture material Fiberwire, and significantly upregulated the release of proinflammatory cytokines ( p < 0.05). This suggests that Spidrex may induce an early immune response postimplantation. While further work is required to determine what effect this immune response has on the tendon healing process, our in vitro data suggests that Spidrex may have the cytocompatibility and bioactivity required to support tendon regeneration in vivo.

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“…Actin structures were labeled using phalloidin (Molecular Probes). 38 hRPCs cultured on tissue culture insert, native IPM, native IPM treated with chondroitinase, precentrifuged IPM and precentrifuged IPM treated with chondroitinase for 1 and 7 days (n 5 3) were fixed in 3.7% formaldehyde for 10 min at room temperature, washed twice with PBS, and permeabilized by 0.1% Triton X-100 (Sigma-Aldrich) in PBS for 5 min. After two washes with PBS, cells were incubated with 0.16 mM phalloidin in 1% BSA/PBS for 20 min at room temperature.…”

Section: Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interphotoreceptor matrix based biomaterial: Impact on human retinal progenitor cell attachment and differentiation

et al. 2017

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While cell transplantation therapies show great promise as treatments for retinal degeneration, the challenge of low cell survival upon transplantation motivates exploration of materials that may serve as cell delivery vehicles and promote survival and differentiation. In this study, we explored the native matrix that surrounds the outer segments of photoreceptors and promotes their homeostasis, interphotoreceptor matrix (IPM), as a substrate for human retinal progenitor cells (hRPCs). Bovine IPM was characterized to determine its structure and biochemical composition, and processed to develop substrates for cells. Cell viability, morphology, proliferation and expression of photoreceptors marker genes were studied on IPM-based substrates in vitro. We explored different preparations of IPM as a scaffold. Lectin staining revealed that a distinct honeycomb structure of native IPM is lost during centrifugation to prepare a more concentrated suspension of matrix. Biochemical analysis of bovine IPM indicated presence of glycosaminoglycans and proteins. IPM mediated hRPC attachment and spreading with no signs of cytotoxicity. Cells proliferated more on native IPM substrates compared to IPM that was centrifuged to create a concentrated suspension. Cells cultured on IPM substrates expressed markers of photoreceptors: rhodopsin, NRL and ROM1. Together this data supports further exploration of IPM as a tool for retinal tissue engineering. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 891-899, 2018.

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An Emerging Functional Natural Silk Biomaterial from the only Domesticated Non‐mulberry Silkworm Samia ricini

Cited by 32 publications

References 41 publications

Silk fibroin scaffolds with muscle-like elasticity supportin vitrodifferentiation of human skeletal muscle cells

Silk fibroin scaffolds with muscle-like elasticity supportin vitrodifferentiation of human skeletal muscle cells

In VitroEvaluation of a Novel Non-Mulberry Silk Scaffold for Use in Tendon Regeneration

Interphotoreceptor matrix based biomaterial: Impact on human retinal progenitor cell attachment and differentiation

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