An Emergency Program to Control Plague

Tirador, Dean F.; Miller, Bryan E.; Stacy, J. W.; Martin, Albert R.; Kartman, Leo; Collins, Richard N.; Brutsché, Robert L.

doi:10.2307/4593201

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…They infused 85-95 g of the product into each burrow opening, compared with the 8 g of dust we used. Tirador et al (1967) treated *100,000 BTPD burrows with 5% malathion dust; it is unclear how much of the dust was infused into each burrow and efficacy of the dust as a pulicide was not reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Five Pulicides to Suppress Fleas on Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs: Encouraging Long-Term Results with Systemic 0.005% Fipronil

Eads

Biggins

Bowser

et al. 2019

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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Plague, a flea-borne disease, hampers efforts to restore populations of black-footed ferrets (Mustela nigripes), which occupy colonies of prairie dogs (Cynomys spp.) in North America. Plague is managed by infusing prairie dog burrows with DeltaDust Ò 0.05% deltamethrin, a pulicide that kills fleas. Experiments are needed to identify pulicides that can be used in rotation with DeltaDust for integrated plague management. In South Dakota, USA, we tested the efficacy of four pulicide dusts when applied at a rate of 8 g per burrow on colonies of black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus): Sevin Ò 5% carbaryl; Dusta-cide Ò 6% malathion; Alpine Ò 0.25% dinotefuran with 95% diatomaceous earth; and Tri-Die Ò 1% pyrethrum with 40% amorphous silica and 10% piperonyl butoxide. We also tested systemic 0.005% fipronil, which was distributed as ½ cup of laced grain per burrow. We sampled prairie dogs on 3294 occasions and detected 10,041 fleas. Sevin and Dusta-cide suppressed fleas but only for 1 month. Neither Alpine nor Tri-Die had any noticeable, consistent effect on fleas. Fipronil suppressed fleas by 97-100% for 3 months. The residual effect of fipronil persisted for *12 months. Efficacy of fipronil seems comparable with DeltaDust, which exhibited a residual effect for *10 months in prior studies. Continued research is needed to optimize fipronil treatments for plague management on prairie dog colonies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Five Pulicides to Suppress Fleas on Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs: Encouraging Long-Term Results with Systemic 0.005% Fipronil

Eads

Biggins

Bowser

et al. 2019

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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“…Yersinia pestis may remain dormant or latent in reservoir hosts, then become evident in an explosive manner due to changes in climatic or rodent population factors. Often the first hint of plague activity is the diagnosis of a human case or the observation of an unusual number of dead or sick rodents (18)(19)(20).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Coyotes and other carnivores can be valuable sentinels in the detection of Y. pestis (19). This can further be attested to by the approximately 6000 carnivore (including dog) sera tested yearly at CDC as part of their collaborative surveillance program with state and federal agencies (8).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiologic Survey of Sylvatic Plague by Serotesting Coyote Sentinels With Enzyme Immunoassay

Willeberg

Ruppanner

Behymer

et al. 1979

American Journal of Epidemiology

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The geographic distribution and areas of high sylvatic plague activity in California were verified by using coyotes (Canis latrans) as sentinel animals. Antibody levels against Yersinia pestis were tested using the enzyme-labelled antibody (ELA) test and the microtiter passive hemagglutination and hemagglutination inhibition. A survey using the ELA test indicated that the overall antibody prevalence among 143 coyotes was 21%. By geographic regions, the highest antibody prevalence was 27% among coyotes from mountain areas on the northern and eastern borders of the state. This was followed by 19% in the central coastal area and 12% in the central valley. Areas with a high prevalence of seropositive coyotes or high antibody levels in individual coyotes matched the four areas of human plague exposures reported in 1977 and 1978. These areas included the central Sierra mountains adjacent to Lake Tahoe, southeastern Kern County, the central coastal area and Scott Valley near the Oregon border. The ELA test appears to be a promising tool for future epidemiologic studies of plague.

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