An Embedded State Estimator for Reducing Data Volume and Processing in Smart Grids Monitoring

Validation of Embedded State Estimator Modules for Decentralized Monitoring of Power Distribution Systems Using IoT Components

“…As mentioned in Section 4.2, a load flow calculation gives the reference values for the state variables (x l f ) and measurements (z l f ). Vector (x l f ) is used to analyze the accuracy of the state variables estimated by ESEMs using the Relative Mean Error (EMR 30 ) and the Standard Deviation (σ EMR ) as given in Equations ( 6) and (7).…”

“…An accurate estimate of the real-time operating condition of PDSs is essential for performing advanced control actions in such systems. However, historically, the limited amount of real-time measurements in PDSs have prevented the deployment of State Estimators (SEs) in these networks [ 7 , 8 , 9 ]. Consequently, the real-time operating condition of PDSs has been usually determined through the statistical characterization of their loads performed by a process called load aggregation [ 10 , 11 , 12 ].…”

“…Unlike in decentralized architectures, in conventional centralized architectures, all the information must be sent to DOCs and processed. Thus, the processing power and bandwidth of the communication network must be very high in a centralized architecture if real-time performance is to be tractable [ 7 ].…”

“…Advances in communication networks aimed at implementing the IoT ecosystem (such as Sigfox, Narrow Band IoT, Long Range, among others) combined with a greater ability to process embedded electronic devices, enable the development of electronic modules that can operate independently using the concept of edge computing. Based on these advances, in [ 7 ], decentralized architectures for PDS monitoring were proposed and compared to the centralized architecture that is traditionally used in control centers. Although not conclusive, the theoretical results demonstrated the advantages of decentralized architectures, from the point of view of reducing the amount of data to be transmitted and processed when performing state estimation.…”

“…The main contribution of this paper is to provide conclusive evidence for the advantageousness and feasibility of the decentralized monitoring of PDSs, since only theoretical evidence was published in [ 7 ]. The focus of this paper is laboratory validation; an advanced trial is presented, that emulates realistic conditions.…”