An ellipsometric study of the growth and open-circuit dissolution of the anodic oxide film on titanium

Blackwood, Daniel John; Greef, R.; Peter, Laurence M.

doi:10.1016/0013-4686(89)87123-3

Cited by 80 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In line with previously reported values for pure titanium 1) . All the alloys were resistant to pitting corrosion in the anaerobic seawater up to 80 °C (high temperature tests ongoing), including the dual phase Grade 5 alloy which is more vulnerable to pitting in 0.1 M KBr than grades 2 and 7 by about 200 mV 14) .…”

Section: Electrochemical Testssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Thermodynamically titanium should be a very reactive material, and its apparent stability is due to the presence of a dense surface oxide film, however under anaerobic conditions this passive film can be slowly dissolved away and once it is removed rapid corrosion occurs 1,2) . This can be partially elevated by the addition of Pd that pushes the open circuit potential into a region where the passive film should be stable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Corrosion of Titanium Alloys in High Temperature Seawater

Pang¹,

Blackwood²

2015

Corrosion Science and Technology

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Materials of choice for offshore structures and the marine industry have been increasingly favoring materials that offer high strength-to-weight ratios. One of the most promising families of light-weight materials is titanium alloys, but these do have two potential Achilles' heels: (i) the passive film may not form or may be unstable in low oxygen environments, leading to rapid corrosion; and (ii) titanium is a strong hydride former, making it vulnerable to hydrogen embrittlement (cracking) at high temperatures in low oxygen environments. Unfortunately, such environments exist at deep sea well-heads; temperatures can exceed 120 °C, and oxygen levels can drop below 1 ppm. The present study demonstrates the results of investigations into the corrosion behavior of a range of titanium alloys, including newly developed alloys containing rare earth additions for refined microstructure and added strength, in artificial seawater over the temperature range of 25 °C to 200 °C. Tests include potentiodynamic polarization, crevice corrosion, and U-bend stress corrosion cracking.Keywords : titanium, seawater, adhesive, high temperature, corrosion † Corresponding author: msedjb@nus.edu.sg .

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Section: Electrochemical Testssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion of Titanium Alloys in High Temperature Seawater

Pang¹,

Blackwood²

2015

Corrosion Science and Technology

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“…Surface compositions of each alloy are presented in Table 3. According to the spectral analysis from curve fitting, almost 50% of the oxide film of alloys consisted of TiO 2 , and the rest of the oxide film was composed of TiO 30,31 With regard to the fraction of TiO 2 , the potentiostatic-tested specimen contains a larger amount of TiO 2 than the as-polished specimen. Figure 5 illustrates the area fraction of the metallic Ti in the high-resolution spectrum with the takeoff angle set at 75°.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface characteristics of titanium-silver alloys in artificial saliva

Shim

Woo

et al. 2005

Surf. Interface Anal.

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Titanium and its alloys are widely used in biomedical and dental fields because of their excellent corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. It is well known that titanium is protected from corrosion because of the stability of the passive film that controls and determines the corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of titanium and its alloys. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the electrochemical properties of titanium-silver alloys and the surface characteristics of passive film in artificial saliva.We designed titanium-silver alloys with silver contents ranging from 0 to 5 at.%, in 1% increments. These alloys were arc-melted, homogenized, hot-rolled to 2 mm thickness, and finally solution heat-treated for 1 h and quenched. Potentiostatic testing was performed, and the open circuit potentials of the alloys were measured in artificial saliva, at 37°C. The passive films of the titanium-silver alloys were analyzed via XPS.Titanium-silver alloys maintained low current density and showed stable passive region and also had high open circuit potential as compared with pure titanium. The open circuit potential of titanium-silver alloys increased as silver addition increased. With regard to the fraction of oxygen species, a component of over 80% was found to be comprised of oxide. Therefore, the titanium surface mainly consisted of titanium oxide and, on the titanium-silver alloys, this film was composed of TiO 2 , Ti 2 O 3 , and TiO. As silver content increased, the TiO 2 fraction also increased, as did the thickness of the titanium oxide layer formed.

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“…The film thickness is directly proportional to the potential drop across the metal/ solution interface. 23) An increase in film thickness should lead to a further decrease in the already low metal release. By contrast, the thinner passive film was formed on the NiTi alloy.…”

Section: Xps Analysis Of Surface Filmmentioning

confidence: 99%

XPS Study of Corrosion Behavior of Ti-18Nb-4Sn Shape Memory Alloy in a 0.05 mass% HCl Solution

et al. 2003

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The Ti-18Nb-4Sn alloy has been confirmed to possess much higher corrosion resistance compared to the NiTi alloy throughout immersion time up to 604.8 ks in a 0.05 mass% HCl at 310 K open to air. The Ti-18Nb-4Sn alloy shows higher open circuit potential, compared to titanium metal and NiTi alloy. The higher open circuit potential results in an increase in the thickness of the passive film formed on the alloy. The passive film on the Ti-18Nb-4Sn alloy is rich in niobium as well as tin due to preferential dissolution of titanium. The degree of enrichment of niobium and tin in the film increases with an increase in immersion time. On the other hand, the passive film on the NiTi alloy consists exclusively of titanium. The angle-resolved XPS analysis reveals that the outer part of the passive film on the Ti-18Nb-4Sn alloy is rich in niobium and deficient in titanium. Furthermore, the passive film on the Ti-18Nb-4Sn alloy is composed of a double oxyhydroxide containing titanium, niobium and tin cations. It can, therefore, be said that the formation of the thick and homogeneous double oxyhydroxide film whose outer part is rich in niobium seems responsible for the excellent corrosion resistance of the Ti-18Nb-4Sn alloy.

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An ellipsometric study of the growth and open-circuit dissolution of the anodic oxide film on titanium

Cited by 80 publications

References 22 publications

Corrosion of Titanium Alloys in High Temperature Seawater

Corrosion of Titanium Alloys in High Temperature Seawater

Surface characteristics of titanium-silver alloys in artificial saliva

XPS Study of Corrosion Behavior of Ti-18Nb-4Sn Shape Memory Alloy in a 0.05 mass% HCl Solution

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