An ELISA Based on Whole Virus for the Detection of Antibodies to Small‐ruminant Lentiviruses

Zanoni, Reto; Vogt, Hans-Rudolf; Pohl, Burkhard; Böttcher, Jens; Bommeli, W.; Peterhans, Ernst

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0450.1994.tb00277.x

Cited by 41 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The results of the flock test should be considered when interpreting the results of individual animals [3]. Where validated, milk may be used instead of serum for antibody detection [72,94,155].…”

Section: Recommendations On Serologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Routes of transmission and consequences of small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) infection and eradication schemes

et al. 2004

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-Small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV = maedi-visna in sheep and caprine arthritis encephalitis in goats) are distributed throughout most countries of the world, particularly Europe. Laboratories from 16 European countries established collaborations within the framework of a COST (CO-operation in the field of Scientific and Technical Research) action sponsored by the European Union in order to (i) better organize their research programmes on SRLVs and (ii) to coordinate efforts to combat these two diseases. After five years, a consensus conference -the first one in the veterinary medicine field -concluded the work of this network of laboratories by reviewing the present position and discussing three important questions in the field of SRLVs: routes of transmission, consequences of infection and potential role of eradication programmes at either a European or local level, according to the situation in each country or region. This paper brings together existing information regarding these questions and identifies areas for future research.Maedi-visna / caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus / lentivirus / small ruminants / European consensus conference

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Section: Recommendations On Serologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Routes of transmission and consequences of small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) infection and eradication schemes

et al. 2004

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“…However, in the last phase of the eradication program, detection and elimination of the remaining virus carriers appear to be very difficult. The serological tools currently used (37,38) are of limited use when applied to screen a population with a low seroprevalence. In the absence of reliable tools to directly detect SRLV, consistent serological diagnoses depend on the costly use of a combination of tests run in parallel (4).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Antibody Response to an Immunodominant Epitope of the Envelope Glycoprotein of a Lentivirus and Its Diagnostic Potential

Mordasini¹,

Vogt²,

Zahno³

et al. 2006

J Clin Microbiol

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The envelope glycoprotein of small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV) is a major target of the humoral immune response and contains several linear B-cell epitopes. We amplified and sequenced the genomic segment encoding the SU5 antigenic site of the envelope glycoprotein of several SRLV field isolates. With synthetic peptides based on the deduced amino acid sequences of SU5 in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), we have (i) proved the immunodominance of this region regardless of its high variability, (ii) defined the epitopes encompassed by SU5, (iii) illustrated the rapid and peculiar kinetics of seroconversion to this antigenic site, and (iv) shown the rapid and strong maturation of the avidity of the anti-SU5 antibody. Finally, we demonstrated the modular diagnostic potential of SU5 peptides. Under Swiss field conditions, the SU5 ELISA was shown to detect the majority of infected animals and, when applied in a molecular epidemiological context, to permit rapid phylogenetic classification of the infecting virus.Caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) of goats and maedi-visna virus (MVV) of sheep belong to the genus Lentivirus of the family Retroviridae (18,22,39). Strong evidence indicates that cross-species transmission from sheep to goats and vice versa occurs under field conditions (16, 24, 33). Therefore, these viruses are no longer considered to be species specific and are referred to as small-ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV).The majority of infected animals mount a strong immune response to these viruses but remain persistently infected. Only one-third of infected goats develop overt clinical disease, and in sheep the percentage of animals with clinical symptoms differs greatly between breeds, strongly suggesting that, in both species, genetic factors play a key role in determining the clinical outcome of infection (11,28,29).In several countries, eradication programs have been initiated to control SRLV-induced diseases with the aim of eliminating these viruses (23). The Swiss CAEV eradication program, initiated in 1984, has reduced the seroprevalence from 60 to 80% to less than 1% and eliminated clinical cases in the goat population (14, 15). However, in the last phase of the eradication program, detection and elimination of the remaining virus carriers appear to be very difficult. The serological tools currently used (37, 38) are of limited use when applied to screen a population with a low seroprevalence. In the absence of reliable tools to directly detect SRLV, consistent serological diagnoses depend on the costly use of a combination of tests run in parallel (4). Major problems in SRLV serology are slow seroconversions and low titers of antibody to Gag in some animals. In this respect, the strong immunogenicity of the envelope glycoprotein (Env) and especially the rapid seroconversion induced by this antigen in infected animals make it an ideal candidate for diagnostic applications (2, 19). Goats and sheep infected with SRLV develop high titers of antibodies to several conformational and linear ...

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“…Entretanto, devido à maior sensibilidade e possibilidade de quantificação e automação, vários ensaios imunoenzimáticos (EIE) têm sido desenvolvidos para pesquisa de anticorpos, preparados a partir de antígenos do CAEV (Schroeder et al 1985, Archambault et al 1988, Heckert et al 1992, Castro et al 1999b), Maedi-Visna (Houwers et al 1982, Vitu et al 1982, Houwers & Shaake 1987, Zanoni et al 1989, ou proteína interna e/ou transmembranária recombinante do CAEV (Rimstad et al 1994, Alfonso Clavijo & Thorsen 1995 ou Maedi-Visna (Reyburn et al 1992a, Kwang & Cutlip 1992, Rosati et al 1994, Power et al 1995, Boshoff et al 1997. O uso de proteínas recombinantes tem causado problemas de resultados falso positivos, o que tem resultado na substituição desse tipo de antígeno pelos do vírus completo (Zanoni et al 1994). Também tem sido adaptado um EIE para pesquisa de anticorpos no leite ou colostro, sem grandes vantagens práticas em relação aos testes com soro, pois só se aplica a animais em lactação (Motha & Ralston 1994).…”

Section: V V V V Aspectos Clínicos E Ana Aspectos Clínicos E Anaunclassified

Lentivírus de pequenos ruminantes (CAEV e Maedi-Visna): revisão e perspectivas

2001

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lentivírus de pequenos ruminantes (SRLV), cujos protótipos são os vírus da Artrite-Encefalite Caprina (CAEV) e Maedi-Visna, são patógenos amplamente distribuidos, os quais causam doenças degenerativas progressivas lentas em caprinos e ovinos, determinando importantes perdas econô-micas. Estes vírus causam infecções persistentes com perío-do de incubação longo e causam inflamatórias e degenerativas. As lesões são induzidas em tecidos específicos do hospedeiro como articulações, pulmões, CNS e glandulas mamárias devido à replicação viral em células da linhagem monocítico-fagocitária que são as principais células-alvo. A infecção ocorre principalmente durante os primeiros meses de vida, através da ingestão de vírus no leite ou colostro de cabras ou ovelhas infectadas. A indução da resposta imunológica é variável e não protege contra a infecção. O diagnós-tico é baseado primariamente na detecção de anticorpos para SRLV, geralmente por imunodifusão em gel de agar (AGID) e enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). O diagnóstico e separação ou descarte dos animais soropositivos associado ao uso de certas práticas de manejo, especialmente das crias, são os principais meios implementados para prevenir a dis- Small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV), whose prototypes are Caprine Arthritis-Encephalitis virus (CAEV) and Maedi-Visna virus, are the causative agents of slow progressive degenerative diseases of goats and sheep (infected animals), responsible for significant economic losses. These viruses cause persistent infections with long periods of incubation and induce inflammatory and degenerative lesions. The lesions are induced in target organs of the host such as joints, CNS, lungs and mammary glands due to viral replication in cells of the monocyte/ macrophage lineage which is the main target cell. Infections occur particularly in the young and are acquired through ingestion of virus in milk or colostrum from infected does or ewes. The induction of immune response is variable and does not protect against the infection. Diagnosis is primarily based on the presence of SRLV antibodies usually detected by agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) or enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). As no vaccine is available, most often employed schemes to prevent spread of SRLV are based on segregation or/and culling of positive animals associated with management practices, especially the offspring. The strategies of SRLV for dealing with the immune system make difficult to accomplish diagnosis of infection, control or prevention of the viral spread. This review shows aspects of SRLV based on their phylogenetic studies of fields isolates, clinical, and immunopathological features.INDEX TERMS: Small ruminant lentiviruses, caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus, maedi-visna, retroviruses, phylogenetic analysis, epidemiology, goat, sheep.

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An ELISA Based on Whole Virus for the Detection of Antibodies to Small‐ruminant Lentiviruses

Cited by 41 publications

References 13 publications

Routes of transmission and consequences of small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) infection and eradication schemes

Routes of transmission and consequences of small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) infection and eradication schemes

Analysis of the Antibody Response to an Immunodominant Epitope of the Envelope Glycoprotein of a Lentivirus and Its Diagnostic Potential

Lentivírus de pequenos ruminantes (CAEV e Maedi-Visna): revisão e perspectivas

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