An Elementary Framework for Judging the Cardiovascular Toxicity of Carbon Soot: Experiences from an Occupational Health Survey of Diamond Industry Workers

Beniwal, Rajesh; Shivgotra, Vijay Kumar

doi:10.1007/s12012-009-9053-3

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…It has been shown that aircraft engines emit the highest amount of soot and the largest soot particles with the lowest oxidative reactivity during takeoff [5]. Populations exposed to higher concentrations of soot particulate show higher rates of lung and heart diseases because of high concentrations of pollutants that contain compounds such as nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and soot particles in the atmosphere [6,7]. Furthermore, both small and large soot particles can cause significant environmental problems.…”

Section: List Of Abbreviationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a soot concentration estimation library for industrial combustion applications using Lagrangian parcel tracking

Alexander¹

2021

Preprint

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Soot emissions from combustion devices are known to have harmful effects on the environment and human health. This project leverages existing knowledge in soot modelling and soot formation fundamentals to develop a stand-alone, computationally inexpensive soot concentration estimator to be linked to CFD simulations as a post-processor. The estimator consists of a library generated using the hystereses of soot-containing fluid parcels, which relates soot concentration to the aggregated gas-phase environment histories to which a fluid parcel has been exposed. The estimator can be used to relate soot concentration to computed parcel hystereses through interpolation techniques. The estimator shows the potential ability to produce accurate predictions with very low computational cost in laminar coflow diffusion flames. Results also show that as flame data representing a broader set of conditions is added to the library, the estimator becomes applicable to a wider range of flames.

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Section: List Of Abbreviationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a soot concentration estimation library for industrial combustion applications using Lagrangian parcel tracking

Alexander¹

2021

Preprint

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“…The emission of combustiongenerated soot is a serious threat to human health and a growing concern. Populations living in dense urban areas show higher rates of lung and heart diseases because of high concentrations of pollutants that contain compounds such as nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and soot particles in the atmosphere (Beniwal & Shivgotra, 2009;Shiraiwa, Selzle, & Poschl, 2012). Furthermore, both small and large soot particles can cause significant environmental problems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and testing of a soot particle concentration estimator using Lagrangian post-processing

Alexander

Bozorgzadeh

Khosousi

et al. 2017

Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics

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Soot emissions from combustion devices are known to have harmful effects on the environment and human health. As the transportation industry continues to expand, the development of techniques to reduce soot emissions remains a significant goal of researchers and industry. In order for current soot modeling techniques to be reliably accurate, they must incur an intractably high computational cost. This project leverages existing knowledge in soot modeling and soot formation fundamentals to develop a stand-alone, computationally inexpensive soot concentration estimator to be linked to Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations as a post-processor. Preliminary development and testing of the estimator is presented here for laminar flames. As soot properties cannot be determined by local conditions, the estimator consists of a library generated using the hystereses of soot-containing fluid parcels, which relates soot concentration to the aggregated gas-phase environment histories to which a fluid parcel has been exposed. The estimator can be used to relate soot concentration to computed parcel hystereses through interpolation techniques. The estimator shows the potential ability to produce accurate results with very low computational cost in laminar coflow diffusion flames. Results also show that as flame data representing a broader set of conditions (temperature, mixture fraction, residence time, etc.) are added to the library, the estimator becomes applicable to a wider range of flames.

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“…For instance, Scymczak et al [21] found significant releases of Cu nanoparticles from electromotors. Barthel et al [22] concluded that laser printers emit measurable quantities of solid inorganic nanoparticles and carbon nanoparticles are produced in diamond processing [23]. Metal-on-metal hip resurfacing may lead to the release of metal nanoparticles [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human health hazards of persistent inorganic and carbon nanoparticles

Reijnders

2012

J Mater Sci

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Persistent inorganic and carbon nanoparticles are increasingly engineered for applications and may also be present in conventional materials such as carbon black. Furthermore, they may originate from conventional non particulate materials by processes such as wear and tear. Persistent inorganic and carbon nanoparticles can be hazardous to humans. Relatively much research regards the hazards of inhaled nanoparticles. These may give rise to respiratory disease and to negative effects on other organs, including the cardiovascular system. Determinants of risk of inhaled nanoparticles include: number, size, surface characteristics, shape, structure, and the formation of assemblages. These determinants should preferentially be considered in exposure metrics. A major molecular mechanism underlying the inhalation hazard of nanoparticles is the generation of reactive oxygen species, but other mechanisms such as interactions with proteins and DNA may also contribute. Health hazards may also be linked to ingestion of persistent inorganic and carbon nanoparticles, dermal exposure and exposure of the eye. Standards for workplace exposure to persistent inorganic and carbon are currently emerging and there are options for hazard reduction by elimination and substitution of hazardous nanoparticles and by engineering controls.

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An Elementary Framework for Judging the Cardiovascular Toxicity of Carbon Soot: Experiences from an Occupational Health Survey of Diamond Industry Workers

Cited by 5 publications

References 25 publications

Development of a soot concentration estimation library for industrial combustion applications using Lagrangian parcel tracking

Development of a soot concentration estimation library for industrial combustion applications using Lagrangian parcel tracking

Development and testing of a soot particle concentration estimator using Lagrangian post-processing

Human health hazards of persistent inorganic and carbon nanoparticles

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