An electrophoretic ink for all-printed reflective electronic displays

Comiskey, Barrett; Albert, J. D.; Yoshizawa, Hidekazu; Jacobson, Joseph M.

doi:10.1038/28349

Cited by 1,050 publications

(742 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Motivated by these advantages, many researchers, mainly in industries, are intensively researching flexible displays for practical applications. [70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86] Display elements include organic LED and electrophoretic devices, which can exhibit flexibility through control by TFT drive circuits fabricated on plastic films. Thus far, many flexible displays and electronic papers with excellent definition, luminescence, and other characteristics have been reported.…”

Section: Flexible Displaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus far, many flexible displays and electronic papers with excellent definition, luminescence, and other characteristics have been reported. [70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86] For example, Ricoh Co., Ltd., has reported all-printed high-definition displays with a definition of 200 ppi, 82) Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd., have developed color flexible organic LED displays, 83) and Toppan Printing Co., Ltd., have realized large high-definition electrophoretic flexible displays. 84) Focusing on flexibility, TFT-driven organic LED fullcolor displays that can be rolled into a cylinder with the diameter of a pencil were reported by Kazumasa Nomoto of Sony Corporation and colleagues in 2010, which surprised many people and is still a fresh memory.…”

Section: Flexible Displaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ambient Electronics

Sekitani

Someya

2012

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.

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Section: Flexible Displaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Flexible Displaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ambient Electronics

Sekitani

Someya

2012

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.

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“…Apart from the emissive devices (light is generated from the device) discussed earlier, the nonemissive devices (light is generated from the background lighting and modulated by the device), such as electrophoretic devices, which change between the white and black contrast on the movement of the charge pigments under electrical bias [52][53][54], and electrochromic devices, which use materials that change their optical properties in the oxidizing and reducing states [55,56], have rarely been investigated for stretchable devices. The advantages of extremely low power consumption, simple device architecture, and solution-processable fabrication in these devices will promote their applications in stretchable electronics.…”

Section: Alternating Current Electroluminescence (Acel)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress and Prospects in Stretchable Electroluminescent Devices

Wang

Lee

2017

Nanophotonics

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Stretchable electroluminescent (EL) devices are a new form of mechanically deformable electronics that are gaining increasing interests and believed to be one of the essential technologies for next generation lighting and display applications. Apart from the simple bending capability in flexible EL devices, the stretchable EL devices are required to withstand larger mechanical deformations and accommodate stretching strain beyond 10%. The excellent mechanical conformability in these devices enables their applications in rigorous mechanical conditions such as flexing, twisting, stretching, and folding.The stretchable EL devices can be conformably wrapped onto arbitrary curvilinear surface and respond seamlessly to the external or internal forces, leading to unprecedented applications that cannot be addressed with conventional technologies. For example, they are in demand for wide applications in biomedical-related devices or sensors and soft interactive display systems, including activating devices for photosensitive drug, imaging apparatus for internal tissues, electronic skins, interactive input and output devices, robotics, and volumetric displays. With increasingly stringent demand on the mechanical requirements, the fabrication of stretchable EL device is encountering many challenges that are difficult to resolve. In this review, recent progresses in the stretchable EL devices are covered with a focus on the approaches that are adopted to tackle materials and process challenges in stretchable EL devices and delineate the strategies in stretchable electronics. We first introduce the emission mechanisms that have been successfully demonstrated on stretchable EL devices. Limitations and advantages of the different mechanisms for stretchable EL devices are also discussed. Representative reports are reviewed based on different structural and material strategies. Unprecedented applications that have been enabled by the stretchable EL devices are reviewed. Finally, we summarize with our perspectives on the approaches for the stretchable EL devices and our proposals on the future development in these devices.

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“…Several prototypes of pixel components in the E-PADs have been demonstrated, e.g. electrophoresis of the colored particle in the capsules [5,6], liquid crystals [7,8], and electrochromism [9,10]. Recently, we have proposed mechanically interlocked molecules as a different and unique kind of the electrochromic materials [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochromic materials using mechanically interlocked molecules

Ikeda

Stoddart

2008

Science and Technology of Advanced Materials

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Recent investigations on the design and synthesis of electrochromic materials based on switchable three-station [2]catenanes are summarized. The reasoning and preliminary experiments behind the design of electrochemically controllable red-green-blue (RGB), donor-acceptor [2]catenanes are presented. A basis for color generation is discussed in which the tetracationic cyclophane, cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene), serves as the π-electron deficient ring which circumrotates between three π-electron rich recognition sites within a macrocyclic polyether, generating the three different colors (RGB) based on the different charge transfer interactions between the tetracationic cyclophane and recognition sites based on 1,5-dioxynaphthalene (R), tetrathiafulvalene (G) and benzidine (B). Issues relating to the realization of an RGB [2]catenane are raised and discussed: they include (i) color tuning, (ii) thermodynamic considerations, (iii) electrochemistry on model compounds, (iv) molecular design, (v) the electrochemical behavior of three-station [2]catenanes and (vi) electrochromism in polymer gel matrices. Finally, the challenges that need to be met in the future if the ideal RGB catenane is to be prepared, are outlined.

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An electrophoretic ink for all-printed reflective electronic displays

Cited by 1,050 publications

References 7 publications

Ambient Electronics

Ambient Electronics

Progress and Prospects in Stretchable Electroluminescent Devices

Electrochromic materials using mechanically interlocked molecules

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