An electronic aid for hypnotic induction: A pret, immary report

Open-Loop Audio-Visual Stimulation (AVS): A Useful Tool for Management of Insomnia?

“…In the late 1950s, William S. Kroger, a physician, noted that U.S. military radar operators often fell into a ''dazed state'' after a long period of staring at radar monitors (Kroger and Schneider 1959). Kroger collaborated with Sidney Schneider to develop the first photic stimulator-''Schneider Brainwave Synchronizer''-which was used for hypnosis in medicine.…”

Audio-Visual Entrainment Program as a Treatment for Behavior Disorders in a School Setting

“…AVE has been used to improve grade-point average in college students (Budzynski, Jordy, Budzynski, Tang, & Claypoole, 1999). AVE can induce relaxation (Manns, Miralles & Adrian, 1981;Thomas & Siever, 1989;Brauchli, 1993;Morse & Chow, 1993), hypnotic states (Kroger & Schneider, 1959;Sadove, 1963;Lewerenz, 1963;Margolis, 1966) and dissociation (Leonard, Telch, & Harrington, 1999;Leonard & Telch, 1998). AVE has been used to reduce chronic pain (Boersma & Gagnon, 1992), to treat migraine headache (Anderson, 1989), and to treat depression (Kumano, Horie, Shidara, Kuboki, Suematsu, & Yasushi, 1996).…”

A test of the effectiveness of intermittent photic stimulation on hypnotic performance

“…It is further claimed that use of the apparatus improves hypnotic induction techniques, shortens induction time, increases the percentage of hypnotizable Ss, increases the depth of hypnosis attained, overcomes resistance, and relieves the strain of difficult inductions. While some reports of its clinical usefulness have been made (Chapman, 1964;Kroger & Schneider, 1959;Powley, 1960;Sadove, 1963), no direct evidence has as yet been made available either of special effectiveness in inducing hypnosis or of any influence whatsoever on EEG patterns.…”