An electron spin resonance study of tobacco smoke condensates and their effects upon blood constituents

Rowlands, J. R.; Estefan, R.M.; Gause, Emily M.; Montalvo, D.A.

doi:10.1016/0013-9351(68)90005-4

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…A few water-soluble chemicals and all lipid-soluble chemicals integrated peak areas were used to calculate concentrations. For the aqueous phase compounds that were not present in the Chenomx nmr suite 8.6 and all lipid-soluble compounds, we used several resources, including the Biological Magnetic Resonance Data Bank (BMRB) [ 53 ], Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) [ 54 ], a set of 2D experiments ( Supplementary Figures S2–S4 ), as well as published reports [ 35 , 36 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 ] to assist with chemical identification. In addition, spiking 1 H 1D NOESY NMR experiments were carried out for these chemicals to validate their presence in CSC.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

NMR Spectroscopy Identifies Chemicals in Cigarette Smoke Condensate That Impair Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Function

Khattri

Thome

Fitzgerald

et al. 2022

Toxics

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Tobacco smoke-related diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are associated with high healthcare burden and mortality rates. Many COPD patients were reported to have muscle atrophy and weakness, with several studies suggesting intrinsic muscle mitochondrial impairment as a possible driver of this phenotype. Whereas much information has been learned about muscle pathology once a patient has COPD, little is known about how active tobacco smoking might impact skeletal muscle physiology or mitochondrial health. In this study, we examined the acute effects of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) on muscle mitochondrial function and hypothesized that toxic chemicals present in CSC would impair mitochondrial respiratory function. Consistent with this hypothesis, we found that acute exposure of muscle mitochondria to CSC caused a dose-dependent decrease in skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiratory capacity. Next, we applied an analytical nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based approach to identify 49 water-soluble and 12 lipid-soluble chemicals with high abundance in CSC. By using a chemical screening approach in the Seahorse XF96 analyzer, several CSC-chemicals, including nicotine, o-Cresol, phenylacetate, and decanoic acid, were found to impair ADP-stimulated respiration in murine muscle mitochondrial isolates significantly. Further to this, several chemicals, including nicotine, o-Cresol, quinoline, propylene glycol, myo-inositol, nitrosodimethylamine, niacinamide, decanoic acid, acrylonitrile, 2-naphthylamine, and arsenic acid, were found to significantly decrease the acceptor control ratio, an index of mitochondrial coupling efficiency.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

NMR Spectroscopy Identifies Chemicals in Cigarette Smoke Condensate That Impair Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Function

Khattri

Thome

Fitzgerald

et al. 2022

Toxics

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“…In subsequent years, several ESR studies have been reported on whole cigarette smoke condensates at low temperatures (13)(14)(15)(16). The in-teraction of smoke radicals in whole main stream smoke with blood or tissue also has been demonstrated by ESR (9). However, less attention has been paid to the radical chemistry of the gas phase of smoke, although it is known that the gas phase is, under some experimental conditions at least, as toxic as the condensed phase (14,17,18).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron spin resonance (ESR) study of cigarette smoke by use of spin trapping techniques.

Pryor¹,

Terauchi²,

Davis³

1976

Environ Health Perspect

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The technique of spin trapping has been applied to the gas phase of cigarette smoke to identify and quantify the radicals present. It was found that radicals could be trapped only if the smoke was filtered. Three spin traps were used: N-tert-butyl-alpha-phenyl nitrone (PBN). 5,5-dimethyl-delta1-pyrroline-1-oxide (DMPO) and alpha-[3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-tert-butyl nitrone (OHPBN). From the electron spin resonance (ESR) splitting constants of the radicals produced by the reaction of smoke radicals with the spin traps and also from the effec of varying the path length between the cigarette and the spin trap solution, it is concluded that three types of signals are observed. Type I signals indicate the presence of oxygenated radicals which appear to be a mixture of alkoxy radicals (RO) and aroyloxy (ArCO2-) radicals. Our data do not allow conclusions about the nature of the R or Ar groups in these two oxy radicals; however, considerations based on lifetimes suggest that the R group probably is tertiary. Type II and III signals are not typical spectra of spin adducts. Instead, we believe they result from reaction of smoke (and probably radicals in smoke) with the PBN spin trap and indicate that smoke has the ability to effect one-electron oxidations. Only type I signals are observed with DMPO and OHPBN. A quantitative study shows that 4 x 10(14) spins/puff are present in the smoke, in contrast with the result of a recent study which used a very different method for determining the radical content of smoke. A discussion of the nature of the radicals in smoke and some tentative conclusions are presented.

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“…linking cancer, one of the observed pathological results of continuous exposure to smoke, with free radicals (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10). And, finally, there is some evidence that thiols, known to be free-radical scavengers, protect cells against the effects of smoke (11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In subsequent years, several ESR studies have been reported on whole cigarette smoke condensates at low temperatures (13)(14)(15)(16). The interaction of smoke radicals in whole main stream smoke with blood or tissue also has been demonstrated by ESR (9). However, less attention has been paid to the radical chemistry of the gas phase of smoke, although it is known that the gas phase is, under some experimental conditions at least, as toxic as the condensed phase (14,17,18).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) Study of Cigarette Smoke by Use of Spin Trapping Techniques

Pryor¹,

Terauchi²,

Davis³

1976

Environmental Health Perspectives

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The technique of spin trapping has been applied to the gas phase of cigarette smoke to identify and quantify the radicals present. It was found that radicals could be trapped only if the smoke was filtered. Three spin traps were used: N-tert-butyl-a-phenyl nitrone (PBN), 5,5-dimethyl-A'-pyrroline-l-oxide (DMPO) and a-43,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-tertbutyl nitrone (OHPBN). From the electron spin resonance 4ESR) splitting constants of the radicals produced by the reaction of smoke radicals with the spin traps and also from the effect of varying the path length between the cigarette and the spin trap solution, it is concluded that three types of signals are observed. Type I signals indicate the presence of oxygenated radicals which appear to be a mixture of alkoxy radicals RO and aroyloxy (ArCO2 I radicals. Our data do not allow conclusions about the nature of the R or Ar groups in these two oxy radicals; however, considerations based on lifetimes suggest that the R group probably is tertiary. Type II and III signals are not typical spectra of spin adducts. Instead, we believe they result from reaction of smoke land probably radicals in smoke) with the PBN spin trap and indicate that smoke has the ability to effect one-electron oxidations. Only type I signals are observed with DMPO and OHPBN. A quantitative study shows that 4 x 1014 spins/puff are present in the smoke, in contrast with the result of a recent study which used a very different method for determining the radical content of smoke.A discussion of the nature of the radicals in smoke and some tentative conclusions are presented.

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An electron spin resonance study of tobacco smoke condensates and their effects upon blood constituents

Cited by 17 publications

References 5 publications

NMR Spectroscopy Identifies Chemicals in Cigarette Smoke Condensate That Impair Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Function

NMR Spectroscopy Identifies Chemicals in Cigarette Smoke Condensate That Impair Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Function

Electron spin resonance (ESR) study of cigarette smoke by use of spin trapping techniques.

Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) Study of Cigarette Smoke by Use of Spin Trapping Techniques

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