An electron-spin qubit platform assembled atom-by-atom on a surface

Wang, Yu; Chen, Yi; Bui, Hong T.; Wolf, Christoph; Haze, Masahiro; Mier, Cristina; Kim, Jin‐Kyung; Choi, Deung-Jang; Lutz, Christopher P.; Bae, Yujeong; Phark, Soo-hyon; Heinrich, Andreas

doi:10.48550/arxiv.2108.09880

Cited by 7 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…A CW measurement uses a prolonged data acquisition time wherein the initial Rabi spin oscillations (see section 2.1) have already decayed, and a steady spin state is instead reached through the balance of driving and dissipations. The steady-state solution of a spin-1/2 system is historically derived from the Bloch equation (and the same result can be obtained from modeling an open quantum spin-1/2 system [107,37]). The Bloch equation in the rotating frame reads [108,109]…”

Section: Ensemble Description Of Readoutmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, a "remote" driving scheme was demonstrated, in which ESR driving was shown for a remote spin placed near the tip but not directly in the tunnel junction (see Figure 3c, section 4.3.2, and Ref. [37]). It was discovered that remote driving works only when an singleatom magnet, in this case Fe, is positioned close to the remote spin (and their separation sensitively affects the driving strength) [37].…”

Section: Single Spin Control In Esr-stm and Its Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[37]). It was discovered that remote driving works only when an singleatom magnet, in this case Fe, is positioned close to the remote spin (and their separation sensitively affects the driving strength) [37].…”

Section: Single Spin Control In Esr-stm and Its Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…STM-based spin driving relies on the strong electric field under the tip, and so it has been unclear whether multi-spin driving could ever be possible. A recent work tackles this issue [37] and presents exciting results demonstrating the driving and detection of two atomic spins. This work uses a weakly-coupled pair of Ti with one "local" Ti placed in the tunnel junction and the other, "remote" Ti, located not directly under the tip apex.…”

Section: Electron-electron Spin Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Quantum coherence can be increased using singlet-triplet states of a coupled spin system [36], allowing the observation of a free coherent evolution in the singlet-triplet basis [33]. The simultaneous control of two electron spins in an engineered atomic structure has recently been realized, shedding light on the debated ESR-STM driving mechanism and showing the potential for multi-spin quantum protocols on a surface [37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Harnessing the Quantum Behavior of Spins on Surfaces

Chen,

Bae,

Heinrich

2021

Preprint

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The desire to control and measure individual quantum systems such as atoms and ions in a vacuum has led to significant scientific and engineering developments in the past decades that form the basis of today's quantum information science. Single atoms and molecules on surfaces, on the other hand, are heavily investigated by physicists, chemists, and material scientists in search of novel electronic and magnetic functionalities. These two paths crossed in 2015 when it was first clearly demonstrated that individual spins on a surface can be coherently controlled and read out in an all-electrical fashion. The enabling technique is a combination of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and electron spin resonance (ESR), which offers unprecedented coherent controllability at the Angstrom length scale. This review aims to illustrate the essential ingredients that allow the quantum operations of single spins on surfaces. Three domains of applications of surface spins, namely quantum sensing, quantum control, and quantum simulation, are discussed with physical principles explained and examples presented. Enabled by the atomically-precise fabrication capability of STM, single spins on surfaces might one day lead to the realization of quantum nanodevices and artificial quantum materials at the atomic scale.

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Section: Ensemble Description Of Readoutmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Single Spin Control In Esr-stm and Its Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Single Spin Control In Esr-stm and Its Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Electron-electron Spin Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Harnessing the Quantum Behavior of Spins on Surfaces

Chen,

Bae,

Heinrich

2021

Preprint

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Electric‐Field‐Driven Spin Resonance by On‐Surface Exchange Coupling to a Single‐Atom Magnet

et al. 2023

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Coherent control of individual atomic and molecular spins on surfaces has recently been demonstrated by using electron spin resonance (ESR) in a scanning tunneling microscope (STM). Here, a combined experimental and modeling study of the ESR of a single hydrogenated Ti atom that is exchange‐coupled to a Fe adatom positioned 0.6–0.8 nm away by means of atom manipulation is presented. Continuous wave and pulsed ESR of the Ti spin show a Rabi rate with two contributions, one from the tip and the other from the Fe, whose spin interactions with Ti are modulated by the radio‐frequency electric field. The Fe contribution is comparable to the tip, as revealed by its dominance when the tip is retracted, and tunable using a vector magnetic field. The new ESR scheme allows on‐surface individual spins to be addressed and coherently controlled without the need for magnetic interaction with a tip. This study establishes a feasible implementation of spin‐based multi‐qubit systems on surfaces.

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Double-Resonance Spectroscopy of Coupled Electron Spins on a Surface

Phark,

Chen,

Bui

et al. 2023

ACS Nano

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Scanning–tunneling microscopy (STM) combined with electron spin resonance (ESR) has enabled single-spin spectroscopy with nanoelectronvolt energy resolution and angstrom-scale spatial resolution, which allows quantum sensing and magnetic resonance imaging at the atomic scale. Extending this spectroscopic tool to a study of multiple spins, however, is nontrivial due to the extreme locality of the STM tunnel junction. Here we demonstrate double electron–electron spin resonance spectroscopy in an STM for two coupled atomic spins by simultaneously and independently driving them using two continuous-wave radio frequency voltages. We show the ability to drive and detect the resonance of a spin that is remote from the tunnel junction while read-out is achieved via the spin in the tunnel junction. Open quantum system simulations for two coupled spins reproduce all double-resonance spectra and further reveal a relaxation time of the remote spin that is longer by an order of magnitude than that of the local spin in the tunnel junction. Our technique can be applied to quantum-coherent multi-spin sensing, simulation, and manipulation in engineered spin structures on surfaces.

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An electron-spin qubit platform assembled atom-by-atom on a surface

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Harnessing the Quantum Behavior of Spins on Surfaces

Harnessing the Quantum Behavior of Spins on Surfaces

Electric‐Field‐Driven Spin Resonance by On‐Surface Exchange Coupling to a Single‐Atom Magnet

Double-Resonance Spectroscopy of Coupled Electron Spins on a Surface

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